Biology unit 1.1.3: Chemical structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Any molecule containng __ is called “organic”

carbon

made of building blocks called monomers

organic molecules

monomer

one molecule

polymer

many molecules linked together

many monomers link together to form ____

polymer (whole molecule)

How many classes of organic molecules?

4 classes

what are carbohydrates made of?

made only of carbon, oxygen, & hydrogen; simple but can form lots of complex things

What are carbohydrates monomer name?

monosaccharide

Example of a monosaccharide

glucose

what are carbohydrates polymer name?

polysaccharide

example of a polysaccharide

starch

Common lipids

waxes (water barrier), fats (energy storage), phospholipids (cell membranes), steroids (hormones)

What are proteins monomer name?

amino acids

what are proteins polymer name?

Polypeptide

peptide bond

holds amino acids together

monomer name of nucleic acids

nucleotide

How many types of nucleic acids?

two types (DNA & RNA)

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

RNA

ribonucleic acid

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

information storage

What are nucleotides made of?

1 nitrogen base, 1 sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), & 1 phosphate group

What are the 5 types of nitrogen bases?

Adenine (A), Thymine (T, only in DNA), Uracil (U, only in RNA), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)

Nucleotide pairs: A - _

A-T or A-U

Nucleotide pairs: C->_

C-G

What is another name for nucleotide pairs?

base pairs

Base pairs joined in center by __

Hydrogen bonds