Imperialism Test

Imperialism- 

 the extension of a nation’s power over other lands

 Singapore-

 A “ city of the lion “ founded by Stamford Raffles for Great Britain; a major stopping point for traffic to and from China

 Burma-

 Modern day Myanmar; annexed by Britain to protect its possessions in India and find a land route into China

 Protectorate-

a political unit that depends on another government for its protection

 Thailand-

Siam; the only Southeast Asian country to remain independent as a “ buffer state “ between British and French possessions. 

 King Mongkut-

 The Thai King who promoted Western learning to maintain independence

King Chulalongkorn-

Son of Mongkut; continued modernization efforts in Thailand 

Commodore George Dewey-

U.S naval leader who defeated the Spanish fleet in Manilla Bay during the Spanish-American war 

Philippines-

Former Spanish colony turned over to the U.S; used as a jumping-off point for trade with China 

 Emilio Aguinaldo-

leader of the filipino independence movement against both Spain and the United States

 indirect rule-

 colonial government in which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status 

direct rule-

colonial government in which local elites are removed from power and replaced by a new set of officials brought from the mother country

Annexed-

to incorporate a territory into an existing political unit

 Muhammad Ali-

an ottoman officer who seized power in 1805 and established a separate Egyptian state 

 Suez Canal-

 the “ lifeline to india “; a human made waterway connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas

 David Livingstone-

 A Scottish missionary and explorer who spent 30 years trekking through uncharted Africa

Henry Stanley-

A journalist sent to find Livingstone; later helped King Leopold ll of Belgium colonize the Congo 

Indigenous-

 native to a region

Rhodesia-

territory in South Africa named after Cecil Rhodes, who founded diamond and gold companies there

Union of South Africa-

created by the British in 1910; it combined the Old Cape Colony and the Boer republics 

Sepoys-

 Indian soldiers hired by the British East India company to protect the company’s interests

Queen Victoria-

 took the title “ Empress of India “ in 1876 after the Sepoy Mutiny 

Viceroy-

a governor who ruled as  a representative of a monarch 

Mumbai-

then called Bombay; location where early Indian nationalists were educated 

 Indian National Congress (INC)-

a group formed to seek a share in the governing process of India

Mohandas Gandhi-

 a lawyer who started a nonviolent resistance movement to win Indian independence 

Creoles-

 descendants of Europeans born in Latin America who lived there permanently 

Peninsulares-

Spanish and Portuguese officials who resided temporarily in Latin America for political/ economic gain

 Mestizos-

people of mixed European and Native American descent

 José de San Martín-

A “ Liberator of South America” who led revolutions in Argentina and Chile

 Simón Bolívar-

A “ Liberator of South America “ who helped free Venezuela, Columbia, and Ecuador 

Monroe Doctrine-

U.S policy declaring that the Americas were off limits for any European colonization efforts 

Caudillos-

Strong leaders who ruled by military force, often with the support of the landed elite 

Antonio López de Santa Anna-

A chaotic Mexican ruler who misused state funds and lost territory to the U.S

Benito Juárez-

 A mexican national hero and president who brought liberal reforms, including land distribution to the poor

 Puerto Rico- 

annexed by the U.S as a result of the Spanish-American war

Panama Canal-

Built by the U.S ( opened in 1914), it connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans 

Haiti-

the site of the first successful slave revolt in the Western Hemisphere

Nicaragua-

occupied by U.S. marines for nearly 20 years to protect American economic interests