climate

What is Weather

is the condition of the atmosphere at a specific time and places.

like wind, temperature, and moisture

what is Climate

is the average condition of the atmosphere over a period of several years over a large region.

what is Hydrosphere

is the collective mass of water found on, under and over the surface of the earth in the form of liquid, solid or gas.

what is Biosphere

is All living things on Earth and the environments they interact with.

what is Lithosphere

is the solid outer layer of Earth,

like rocks, soil, and crust.

what is Atmosphere

is a layer of gases that surrounds a planet or moon.

what is Composition of Atmosphere

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases (CO₂, argon, water vapor, etc.).

What is   Climate graphs

is A graph that shows the average temperature and precipitation of a place over 30 years.

What is Biomes

is a Large regions that have similar types of climate and plants, animals.

What is Rotation

is the Earth spinning on its axis (24 hours) → day and night.

What is Revolution

is the Earth orbiting the Sun (365 days) → seasons.

What is Greenhouse Effect

is The natural warming caused when gases in Earth's atmosphere absorb thermal energy that is radiated by the Sun and Earth.

What is Climate Zones

Regions that share similar weather conditions.

Tropical zone	warm year-round
Temperate zone	Moderate with distinct seasons warm and cold
Polar zone	Very cold most of the year

What is Koppen's Climate Categories

is classification system that divides the world into five major climate zones based on average monthly temperature and precipitation.

• A- Tropical

• B- Dry

• C- Temperate

• D- Continental

• E- Polar

What is Ecoregions

is a subdivision of an ecozone characterized by local landforms like plains, lakes, mountains, and rivers.

What is Bioclimate Profiles

is a Graphs of climatic conditions like

minimum, maximum, mean temperature,

probability of frost, monthly total precipitation,

number of days with rain and snow and surplus and deficit

What is Indicators of Climate Change

is Measurable signs that show Earth's climate is changing, such as rising global temperatures and melting glaciers.

what is Climate Change

is a Long‑term changes in Earth's average temperature, precipitation, and weather patterns, mainly caused by increased greenhouse gases from human activities.

What is Radiation

The transfer of energy as electromagnetic radiation, matter is not required, and this energy can travel through the vacuum of space.

What is Conduction

The transfer of thermal energy between two objects or substances that are in direct physical contact.

What is Convection

The transfer of thermal energy by highly energized molecules moving from one place to another.

What is Ozone

A gas made of three oxygen atoms that exists in two important places in the atmosphere.

What is Greenhouse Gases

Gases in Earth's atmosphere that absorb and prevent the escape of thermal radiation.

What is Sources of Greenhouse Gases

Processes that add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.

What is Sinks

Processes that remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.

What is Paleoclimatology

A scientist who studies past climates on Earth.

What is Evidence of Past Climates

Old evidence includes ice cores, tree rings, sediment layers, and fossils.

What is Carbon Footprint

The effect that human activities have on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases produced.

What is Global Warming

The increase in Earth's average temperature over time, the largest single indicator of climate change.

What is Carbon Offset

A means of reducing or avoiding greenhouse gas emissions by purchasing credits.

What is Kyoto Protocol

An international treaty developed in 1997 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

What is Ontario Drive Clean Program

Requires that all Ontario cars pass strict emissions inspections.

What is Energy Star

A symbol that shows a product uses less energy because it meets special standards for reduced energy consumption.

what is Carbon Tax System

A system where the government puts a tax on carbon emissions or on the sources that produce carbon.