Wordlist 16 Safety systems

быть оснащенным

Be fitted with : To have equipment installed for a specific purpose.

безаварийная эксплуатация

Fail-free operation / accident-free : Operation without failures or accidents.

глубокоэшелонированная защита

Defence-in-depth, DiD : A multilayered protection system with multiple independent barriers.

каналы безопасности

Safety trains : Independent series of elements that together perform a safety function.

резервирование

Redundancy : Multiple identical components to perform the same function.

каналы безопасности, подстраховывающие друг друга

Safety trains backing up each other to perform the same safety task : Multiple safety trains designed to compensate for each other's failure.

разнопринципность

Diversity : Safety systems based on different operational principles.

каналы безопасности являются независимыми и основаны на разных принципах

Safety trains are independent and based on different principles : Systems using different methods to reduce common cause failure risk.

исключать отказ по общей причине

To exclude common cause failure, CCF : To prevent multiple systems failing due to a single event.

активные системы безопасности

Active safety systems : Systems requiring electricity and human or automatic actuation.

пассивные системы безопасности

Passive safety systems : Systems relying on natural laws and not requiring external power.

проектная авария

Design-basis accident, DBA : A postulated accident that the plant is designed to withstand.

запроектная авария

Beyond design-basis accident, BDBA : An accident more severe than design-basis, considered very unlikely.

управление реактивностью

Control of reactivity : The capability to control the chain reaction rate.

прекращение цепной реакции (механическое и химическое)

Termination of chain reaction (mechanical and chemical)/ to terminate FCR : Stopping the fission chain reaction by two different methods.

механическое управление

Mechanical control : Shutdown using control rods dropped into the core by gravity.

регулирующие стержни на основе бора

Boron-based control rods : Control rods containing boron as a neutron absorber.

висеть над активной зоной, удерживаться электромагнитами

To hang/ be suspended over the core, held by electromagnets : Control rods positioned above the core by electromagnetic clutches.

падать в активную зону под собственным весом под действием силы тяжести

To drop into the core by own weight under the action of gravity : The mechanism of mechanical reactor shutdown.

химическое управление

Chemical control : Shutdown using boric acid injection.

система аварийного впрыска (борной кислоты)

Safety injection system (of boric acid solution) : A system injecting neutron-absorbing solution into the core.

впрыскивать раствор борной кислоты непосредственно в активную зону

To inject boric acid solution directly into the core : Chemical injection for emergency shutdown.

вытеснять теплоноситель

To displace the coolant : Replacing coolant with borated solution.

непрерывный отвод остаточного тепла от активной зоны

Continuous removal of residual/decay heat from the core : Ongoing cooling after chain reaction termination.

система аварийного охлаждения активной зоны (САОЗ)

Emergency core cooling system, ECCS : A system providing core cooling during accidents.

система аварийного расхолаживания через парогенераторы

Emergency cooldown system via SGs : Removing heat through steam generators.

система впрыска теплоносителя высокого давления

High pressure coolant injection system, HPCI : A system operating while the primary circuit is still pressurized.

насосы высокого давления

High pressure pumps : Pumps that can inject coolant against high pressure.

система впрыска теплоносителя низкого давления

Low pressure coolant injection system, LPCI : A system operating after the primary circuit depressurizes.

насосы низкого давления

Low pressure pumps : Pumps injecting coolant into a depressurized system.

разрыв трубопровода (малый/большой/гильотинный)

Pipeline break (small/ large/ guillotine) : A rupture in the primary circuit piping.

падение давления

Pressure drop : A decrease in system pressure.

сбрасывать давление / разгерметизированный

To depressurize / depressurized (primary circuit) : To lose pressure in the primary circuit.

течь

A (fuel/coolant) leak : An escape of fuel or coolant from the system.

сохранять целостность

To remain integral : To remain intact without leaks.

поврежденный первый контур/реактор

Damaged primary circuit/reactor : A system that has suffered a failure or rupture.

бак-приямок защитной оболочки

Containment sump : A collection basin for water within the containment.

система пассивного отвода тепла (СПОТ)

Passive residual heat removal system, PRHPS : A passive system removing residual heat without power.

теплообменник для отвода остаточных тепловыделений

Residual Heat Removal HE, located outside the containment : A tank outside containment for passive cooling.

авария с потерей теплоносителя

Loss-of-coolant accident, LOCA : An accident involving coolant escape from the primary circuit.

гидроемкости САОЗ 1-й и 2-й ступени

ECCS water tanks of the 1st and 2nd stages : Water tanks for emergency core cooling.

затапливать активную зону

To flood the core : Supplying water directly to the core.

азотная подушка

Nitrogen cushion : Compressed nitrogen forcing water from storage tanks.

локализация радиоактивных материалов и ограничение радиоактивных выбросов

Confinement of radioactive material and limitation of radioactive releases : Preventing and limiting radioactive releases to the environment.

последовательные физические барьеры

Successive release barriers : Multiple barriers preventing radionuclide release.

система двойных защитных оболочек

The double containment system : Inner and outer containment structures.

внутренняя защитная оболочка

Inner containment : The primary containment directly housing the reactor.

внешняя защитная оболочка

Outer containment : The secondary containment protecting against external impacts.

межоболочное пространство

Annulus : The space between inner and outer containment walls.

быть оснащенным системой фильтров

To be fitted with the system of filters : To have filters installed in the annulus.

фильтровать газы, поступающие из реакторного зала

To filter gases incoming from the reactor hall : Cleaning gases before potential release.

выдерживать внешние воздействия

To withstand external impacts (natural and man-induced) : To resist events like earthquakes and aircraft crashes.

спринклерная система защитной оболочки

Containment emergency spray system : A system spraying water to condense steam and reduce pressure.

предотвращать избыточное давление

To prevent overpressure : To avoid containment pressure exceeding design limits.

устройство локализации расплава (УЛР)

Core melt trap / core catcher : A device designed to contain molten core material.

расплавление топлива/активной зоны

Fuel/core meltdown : The melting of fuel due to loss of cooling.

кориум

Corium : Lava-like fuel-containing material created during a meltdown.

огнеупорный корпус

Cool refractory vessel : A heat-resistant vessel for containing corium.

жертвенный материал

Sacrifice material (granulated oxides of iron and aluminum) : A material that melts to cool and dilute corium.

зона отчуждения вокруг АЭС

The exclusion zone around an NPP : A restricted area immediately surrounding the plant.

зона с низкой плотностью населения

Low population zone, LPZ : A 5 km zone around the exclusion area.

зона планирования защитных мероприятий

Emergency planning zone, EPZ : A 30 km zone for emergency planning.

санитарно-защитная зона

Sanitary protection zone, SPZ : A buffer zone between an NPP and populated areas.

зона наблюдения

Observation zone, OZ : An area around the SPZ for radiation monitoring.

пассивные автокаталитические рекомбинаторы водорода (ПАРВ)

Passive autocatalytic hydrogen recombiners, PARs : Devices that recombine hydrogen and oxygen without power.

исключать водородный взрыв

To rule out the hydrogen explosion : To prevent explosive hydrogen concentrations.

ускорять взаимодействие водорода с кислородом

To accelerate the interaction of hydrogen with oxygen : The function of catalytic recombiners.

пароциркониевая реакция

Steam-zirconium reaction resulting in release of hydrogen : A high-temperature reaction producing hydrogen.

создавать взрывоопасную концентрацию

To form an explosive concentration : Hydrogen accumulation at explosive levels.

система аварийного энергоснабжения (САЭ)

Emergency power supply, EPS : Power sources for safety systems during emergencies.

внешнее энергоснабжение (от сети)

Off-site power (grid power) : Electricity supplied from the national grid.

местное энергоснабжение

On-site power (NPP main generator) : Electricity generated by the plant itself.

полное обесточивание станции / потеря питания

Total station blackout, SBO / power loss : Loss of all on-site and off-site power.

потеря внешнего/местного энергоснабжения

Loss of off-site/on-site power : Failure of either power source.

аварийные дизель-генераторы

Emergency diesel generators, EDGs : Backup generators for emergency power.

аккумуляторные батареи

Batteries : Final backup DC power sources.

выбросы за пределы защитной оболочки/площадки АЭС

Releases beyond the containment / NPP site : Radioactive release to the environment.

Международная шкала ядерных событий

INES : A scale for rating nuclear events.

рассматривать 3 области воздействия

To consider 3 areas of impact : INES evaluates impact on people, barriers, and defence-in-depth.

крупная авария

Level 7 – Major accident : A major release of radioactive material with widespread effects.

серьезная авария

Level 6 – Serious accident : A significant release of radioactive material.

авария с широкими последствиями

Level 5 – Accident with wider consequences : A limited release with some planned countermeasures.

авария с локальными последствиями

Level 4 – Accident with local consequences : A minor release with local countermeasures.

серьезный инцидент

Level 3 – Serious incident : Exposure exceeding ten times the annual limit.

инцидент

Level 2 – Incident : Significant failures in safety provisions.

аномалия

Level 1 – Anomaly : Minor problems with safety components.

отклонение, событие ниже шкалы

Level 0 – Deviation; Below scale, no safety significance : Events with no safety significance.