Regional Government

How did Henry VIII attempt to maintain military control over Ireland?

Kept a permanent standing army stationed there

What was Henry VIII's political relationship with the Irish legislature?

Maintained tight, restrictive control over the Irish Parliament

What major constitutional change did Henry VIII implement in Ireland in 1541?

Officially adopted the title of King of Ireland

What was the administrative status of Wales prior to 1536?

Lacked a unified administration or formal political link with England

How did Thomas Cromwell structurally reorganise Wales under the 1536 Act?

Divided Wales into shire counties governed by Justices of the Peace (JPs)

How did Cromwell integrate Wales into the English political and legal systems?

• Granted Welsh shires parliamentary representation.

• Brought them under England's legal framework.

Which regional body governed Wales and its border regions from 1536 onwards?

The Council of Wales (covering Wales and four bordering counties)

Which two palatinate jurisdictions naturally reverted back to direct royal control?

Lancashire and Cheshire

Who traditionally held separate legal jurisdiction over the palatinate of Durham?

The Bishop of Durham

How did the Crown reduce Durham's regional autonomy in 1536?

Passed the Act Resuming Liberties to the Crown to reduce the bishop's independence

What permanent administrative body was re-established in York in 1536, and why?

• The Council in the North.

• Re-established to enforce order and keep the North quiet