Chapter 6: Mechanisms of Disease

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to mechanisms of disease, pathogenic organisms, cancer, and inflammation.

Disease

An abnormality in body function that threatens health.

Etiology

The study of the factors that cause a disease.

Idiopathic

Refers to a disease with an unknown cause.

Epidemiology

The study of occurrence, distribution, and transmission of diseases in human populations.

Endemic diseases

Diseases that are native to a local region.

Epidemic

Occurs when a disease affects many people at the same time.

Pandemic

Widespread, perhaps global, epidemics.

Pathophysiology

Study of underlying physiological aspects of disease.

Genetic mechanisms

Mechanisms relating to genetic factors that contribute to disease.

Inflammatory mechanisms

Mechanisms involving autoimmunity, inflammation, and degeneration.

Viruses

Microscopic, intracellular parasites that invade host cells.

Bacteria

Tiny cells without nuclei that can secrete toxins and form colonies.

Fungi

Simple organisms similar to plants but lacking chlorophyll.

Protozoa

Large one-celled organisms that can parasitize human fluids and destroy cells.

Nematodes

Roundworms that can parasitize humans.

Benign tumors

Localized tumors that do not spread.

Malignant tumors

Tumors that spread and can form secondary tumors.

Metastasis

The process by which cancer cells leave the primary tumor and start a secondary tumor at a new location.

Antibiotics

Natural compounds derived from living organisms that destroy or inhibit pathogens.

Inflammatory response

A response that reduces injury to tissues, maintaining homeostasis.

Cachexia

A syndrome including appetite loss, weight loss, and general weakness.