ACE Fitness Exam_ALL VOCAB

A complete set of 343 vocabulary flashcards based on the exercise science and health lecture glossary transcript, including anatomical terms, behavior models, and professional standards.

Abrasion

A scraping away of a portion of the skin or mucous membrane.

Action

The stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change during which the individual is actively engaging in a behavior that was started less than six months ago.

Active listening

Mode of listening in which the listener is concerned about the content, intent, and feelings of the message.

Activities of daily living (ADL)

Activities normally performed for hygiene, bathing, household chores, walking, shopping, and similar activities.

ADL

An acronym for activities of daily living.

Acute

Descriptive of a condition that usually has a rapid onset and a relatively short and severe course; opposite of chronic.

Add-in strategy

See Part-to-whole teaching strategy.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A high-energy phosphate molecule required to provide energy for cellular function. Produced both aerobically and anaerobically and stored in the body.

ATP

An abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.

Adherence

The extent to which people follow their plans or treatment recommendations.

Exercise adherence

The extent to which people follow an exercise program.

Aerobic system

The process for meeting energy requirements from the combustion of carbohydrates and fats in the presence of oxygen.

Affective domain

One of the three domains of learning; involves the learning of emotional behaviors.

Agility

The ability to rapidly and accurately change the position of the body in space; a skill-related component of physical fitness.

Agonist

The muscle directly responsible for observed movement; also called the prime mover.

Prime mover

Another name for an agonist muscle.

Agreement to participate

Signed document that indicates that the client or participant is aware of inherent risks and potential injuries that can occur from participation.

Ambient temperature

The temperature of the surrounding air; room temperature.

American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP)

One of two performing rights societies in the United States that represent music publishers in negotiating and collecting fees for the nondramatic performance of music.

ASCAP

An acronym for the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers.

Americans with Disabilities Act

Civil rights legislation designed to improve access to jobs, workplaces, and commercial spaces for people with disabilities.

AMRAP

An acronym used to describe a type of training based on performing "as many rounds (or repetitions) as possible."

AMRAP format

A training format that refers to performing as many repetitions of a single exercise or rounds of a workout routine as possible in a given amount of time.

Angina

A common symptom of coronary artery disease characterized by chest pain caused by an inadequate supply of oxygen and decreased blood flow to the heart muscle; an early sign of coronary artery disease.

Angina symptoms

May include pain or discomfort, heaviness, tightness, pressure in the chest, back, neck, throat, jaw, or arms.

Antagonist

The muscle that acts in opposition to the contraction produced by an agonist (prime mover) muscle.

Anterior

Anatomical term meaning toward the front. Same as ventral; opposite of posterior.

Ventral

Anatomical term meaning toward the front, same as anterior.

Anticipatory cue

A cue that tells participants what the next move will be and when to perform that movement; often includes a countdown of repetitions.

Anxiety

A state of uneasiness and apprehension; occurs in some mental disorders.

Articular cartilage

Cartilage covering the ends of the bones inside diarthrodial joints; allows the ends of the bones to glide without friction.

Associative stage of learning

The second stage of learning a motor skill, when performers begin to master the fundamentals and can concentrate on skill refinement.

Assumption of risk

A person freely elects to engage in an activity after being made aware of the potential risks of participation and may in advance relieve another person or party of potential legal obligation to act toward them with due care.

Asthma

A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that affects genetically susceptible individuals in response to various environmental triggers such as allergens, viral infection, exercise, cold, and stress.

Atherosclerosis

A specific form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the accumulation of fatty material on the inner walls of the arteries, causing them to harden, thicken, and lose elasticity.

Athletic trainer

A healthcare professional who collaborates with immediate intervention when injuries occur and helping athletes and clients in the prevention, assessment, treatment, and rehabilitation of emergency, acute, and chronic medical conditions involving injury, impairment, functional limitations, and disabilities.

Atrophy

A reduction in muscle size (muscle wasting) due to inactivity or immobilization.

Automated external defibrillator (AED)

A portable electronic device used to restore normal heart rhythms in victims of sudden cardiac arrest.

AED

Abbreviation for automated external defibrillator.

Autonomous motivation

Engaging in an activity out of free will and the desire to do so.

Autonomous stage of learning

The third stage of learning a motor skill, where the skill has become habitual or automatic for the performer.

Autonomy

The capacity of a rational individual to make an informed, un-coerced decision. Regulation by the self.

Avulsion

A wound involving forcible separation or tearing of tissue from the body.

Balance

The ability to maintain the body's position over its base of support within stability limits, both statically and dynamically; a skill-related component of physical fitness.

Baroreceptors

A sensory nerve ending that is stimulated by changes in pressure as those in the walls of blood vessels.

Base of support

The areas of contact between the feet and their supporting surface and the area between the feet.

Beats

Regular pulsations that have an even rhythm and occur in a continuous pattern of strong and weak pulsations.

Bilateral

Affecting both the right and left sides of the body.

Bilateral training

Exercise that targets both sides of the body simultaneously (e.g., body-weight squat or barbell chest press).

Biomechanics

The mechanics of biological and muscular activity.

Blanket license

A certificate or document granting permission that varies and applies to a number of situations.

Blood pressure (BP)

The pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries; measured in millimeters of mercury ($mmHg$) with a sphygmomanometer.

BP

Abbreviation for blood pressure.

Body composition

The makeup of the body in terms of the relative percentage of fat-free mass and body fat; a health-related component of physical fitness.

Body fat

A component of the body, the primary role of which is to store energy for later use.

Body mass index (BMI)

A relative measure of body height to body weight used to determine levels of health, from underweight to extreme obesity.

BMI

Abbreviation for body mass index.

Bone mineral density (BMD)

A measure of the amount of minerals (mainly calcium) contained in a certain volume of bone.

BMD

Abbreviation for bone mineral density.

Broadcast Music, Inc.

One of two performing rights societies in the U.S. that represent music publishers in negotiating and collecting fees for the nondramatic performance of music.

Carbohydrate

The body's preferred energy source. Dietary sources include sugars (simple) and grains, rice, potatoes, and beans (complex).

Carbohydrate calories

Each gram of carbohydrate contains four calories.

Cardiac output

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute; usually expressed in liters of blood per minute.

Cardiac output formula

$$\text{Cardiac output} = \text{Heart rate} \times \text{Stroke volume}$$

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A procedure to support and maintain breathing and circulation for a person who has stopped breathing (respiratory arrest) and/or whose heart has stopped (cardiac arrest).

CPR

Abbreviation for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Cardiorespiratory endurance

The capacity of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles and tissues during sustained exercise and to remove metabolic waste products.

Cardiorespiratory fitness

The ability to perform large muscle movement over a sustained period; related to the capacity of the heart-lung system to deliver oxygen for sustained energy production.

Aerobic fitness

Another name for cardiorespiratory fitness or cardiorespiratory endurance.

Cardiorespiratory system

The cardiovascular (heart, blood, and blood vessels) and respiratory (airway and lungs) systems working together to obtain and circulate vital compounds.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

A general term for any disease of the heart, blood vessels, or circulation.

CVD

Abbreviation for cardiovascular disease.

Center of gravity

The point around which all weight is evenly distributed; also called center of mass.

Center of mass

Another name for the center of gravity.

Central nervous system

The brain and spinal cord.

Certificant

An individual who has earned a certification.

Choreography

The art of designing sequences of movements.

Chronic

Descriptive of a condition that persists over a long period of time; opposite of acute.

Chronic disease

Any disease state that persists over an extended period of time.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A condition, such as asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema, in which there is chronic obstruction of air flow.

COPD

Abbreviation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Cognitive distortion

Unproductive thought process that can paralyze a client or participant when making a positive and lasting behavioral change.

Cognitive domain

One of the three domains of learning; describes intellectual activities and involves the learning of knowledge.

Cognitive stage of learning

The first stage of learning a motor skill when performers make many gross errors and have extremely variable performances.

Command style of teaching

A teaching style in which the instructor makes all decisions about rhythm, posture, and duration while participants follow the instructor's directions and movements.

Competence

Having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully.

Compilations

Original, copyrightable sequences or a program of dance steps or exercise routines that may or may not be copyrightable individually.

Concentric

A type of isotonic muscle contraction in which the muscle develops tension and shortens when stimulated.

Concussion

A type of traumatic brain injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth.

Contemplation

The stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change during which the individual is weighing the pros and cons of behavioral change.

Controlled motivation

Doing a task with a sense of pressure, demand, or coercion.

Coordination

The ability to process and execute appropriate actions or motor responses with proper sequence (timing) and magnitude to produce smooth, flowing movement.

Copyright

The exclusive right, for a certain number of years, to perform, make, and distribute copies and otherwise use an artistic, musical, or literary work.

Coronary heart disease (CHD)

The major form of cardiovascular disease; results when the coronary arteries are narrowed or occluded, most commonly by atherosclerotic deposits.

CHD

Abbreviation for coronary heart disease.

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Another name for coronary heart disease.

CAD

Abbreviation for coronary artery disease.

Creatine phosphate

A storage form of high-energy phosphate in muscle cells that can be used to immediately resynthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Creatine phosphate system

The system that transfers chemical energy from the breakdown of creatine phosphate to regenerate ATP; also called the phosphagen system.

Phosphagen system

Another name for the creatine phosphate system.