Unit 2 vocab/models

Stuff to remember

Aritmic density

The total number of people divided by the total land density. 

Physiological density

The number of people per unit of arable land, which is land suited for agriculture. 

Agricultural density

The ratio between the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. 

population pyramid

• Three categories, pre reproductive years (0-14), reproductive years (15-45) and past reproductive (45+)

Dependency ratio

The number of people under age 15 and over 65 compared to the number of people active in the work force. 

Crude birth rate(CBR)

The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people in a society. 

Natural increase rate (NIR)

The percentage growth of population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. DOES NOT ACCOUNT MIGRATION 

Total fertility rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her child bearing years. 

• 2.1 = replacement rate. If TFR goes above this, the population will increase. If it goes below, the population will decrease. 

Demographic transition model

The process of change in a society's population from the conditions of high birth and death rates, to lower birth and death rates, but higher total population. 

Stage 1- high cbr and cdr, low nir, subsistence agriculture, women have very few rights, seasonal migration, high mortality

Stage 2- after industrial revolution, high cbr, lowering cdr, increase in nir, increased agricultural production, women have more roles, not much education, more urbanization, more immigration, Afghanistan 

Stage 3- cbr decline and cdr, nir is more moderate improve life expectancy and lower imr, urban areas grown, manufacturing jobs, fewer children due to urbanization, women have more opportunities, rise is jobs is secondary sector, and tertiary sector, Mexico

Stage 4- low cbd,cdb, and nir, may have zero population growth, women play a large role in society, specialized medicine, urban areas expand into the suburbs, immigration from LDC, China

Stage 5- low cbr,cdr, and negative nir, maybe japan or germany, more elderly people, very few kids 

Immigration is not part of DTM!!!

Epidemiologic Transition

Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Stage 1- high mortality, diseases, famine, animal attacks, food shortages, parasites, pandemics, contaminated water, etc. Bubunic plague

Stage 2- fewer deaths, less pandemics, increased standard of living, increases in food and calories consumed, more nutrients, improved sanitation

Stage 3- Increase in degenerative diseases caused be human behavior or old age, such as heart disease

Stage 4- Fighting degenerative diseases, delayed onset of diseases, increased life expectancy, negative eating habits and sedentary life type, causing obesity 

Stage 5- resurfacing of infectious diseases due to mutations and increases in poverty and urbanization. Also more globalization, which causes more global pandemics.

Malthusian theory

The idea that the population will outpace food production, leading to globally overpopulation. 

Neomalusion

people that today still believe in this theory. Thanos, who believed killing half the world population would solve this problem. 

Ravenstein's migration laws

• Most migration happens for economic reasons

• Mostly young adults

• Shorter distances and step migration

• More likely to move from rural to urban areas

• Father they are starving, more likely they are going to a bigger city. GRAVITY MODEL!!!

• Migration creates counterflows

• Large urban areas experience growth through migration

• Migration increases development

• Women are more likely to migrate internally, young men the opposite. 

Intervening opportunity  

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that causes a person to stop at a place between where they left and where they intended to go

Intervening obstacle

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration 

What impact does migration have? 

• Citizens debate over immigration 

• Quota- A law placing a limit on the number of immigrants a country will receive in a year 

• Brain drain- Large-scale immigration of talented people, 

• Increased talent pool for receiving country 

• More cultural connection