Africa Summative 10th grade

Luganda

Major Bantu Language in Uganda

Idi Amin

military dictator of Uganda from 1971 to 1979. characterized by extreme brutality, rampant human rights abuses, and the violent expulsion. Known as the "Butcher of Uganda,"

kubaka

traditional king and reigning monarch of the Buganda Kingdom, the largest of the traditional kingdoms in modern-day Uganda

kanzu

a traditional long, white, or cream-colored robe worn by men in Uganda. It serves as a formal, ankle-length garment often worn for religious ceremonies, weddings, and cultural events.

Mobutu Sese Seko

the authoritarian dictator of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. he is widely known for embezzling billions of dollars,

kleptocracy

a form of government where leaders, or kleptocrats, utilize their power to expropriate a nation's wealth and natural resources for personal gain. Seen in the congo.

Patrice Lumumba

a Congolese politician and independence leader who served as the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960. Anti-colonialist, he was assassinated in 1961 after only a few months in office

Resource Curse

In the congo: where countries with an abundance of non-renewable natural resources, such as oil or minerals, experience lower economic growth and worse development outcomes than nations with fewer resources

MPLA

(Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola): Marxist-Lenist

Angolan Civil War

a 27-year conflict (1975–2002) that broke out immediately after Angola gained independence from Portugal, fought primarily for power between the Marxist MPLA and the anti-communist UNITA

Carnation Revolution

Angola: fall of Portuguese Dictatorship ⟶ Rapid decision to decolonize African Territories

Darfur

a large, historically independent region in western Sudan, known for persistent conflict, including a major humanitarian crisis and genocide that began in 2003

Mahdist Wars

an armed conflict led by Muhammad Ahmad against Egyptian and British colonial rule in Sudan. It resulted in a temporary Sudanese victory and the creation of a theocratic state before British forces ultimately reconquered the region.

Animistic

belief system in Sudan represent indigenous belief systems, primarily found in the southern regions, which hold that natural objects, phenomena, and the universe possess souls or spiritual essences.

Julius Nyerere

Tanzanian anti-colonial activist, political theorist, and statesman who served as the first president of Tanzania from 1964 to 1985

Ujamaa

representing a Tanzanian philosophy of socialism and self-reliance introduced by Julius Nyerere in the 1960s

Tanganyika

a former independent country in East Africa that gained independence from British rule in 1961 before joining with Zanzibar in 1964 to form modern-day Tanzania

General Mohammed Siad Barre

a Somali military general who served as the authoritarian President of Somalia from 1969 to 1991, enforcing a socialist regime that initially focused on modernization before descending into clan-based repression.

Scientific Socialism

Sci state ideology introduced by Siad Barre that merged Marxist-Leninist principles with Islamic tenets and Somali nationalism to accelerate development. It aimed to modernize the economy, outlaw tribalism, and increase literacy- not successful

Djibouti

French Somaliland area of Somalia pre independence