HELP

Q: What are the main clause functions?

S, V, Od, Oi, Cs, Co, A

How do you identify a Direct Object (Od)?

• Thing affected by the verb

• Usually answers: what? / who?

• Only object if it’s the main NP after the verb

How do you identify an Indirect Object (Oi)?

• Recipient/beneficiary

• Usually with Od:

  • She gave him a gift

What is a Subject Complement (Cs)?

• Follows linking verbs (be, seem, become)

• Describes or identifies the subject

• Test:

  • <Subject> = <Complement>

What is an Object Complement (Co)?

• Describes or renames the object

• Test:

  • <Object = Complement>

Q: What is an Adverbial (A)?

• Gives extra info (time, place, manner, reason)

• Optional

• Can often be moved or removed

Q: How do you test for an Adverbial?

Remove it:

• Sentence still works → Adverbial

NP vs AdjP — what’s the key difference?

• NP → can take determiner (the, a, this)

• AdjP → usually cannot

Q: Quick structure rule for objects

• One NP after verb → Direct Object

• Two NPs → possible Oi + Od

• NP + describing NP → Od + Co

Q: Can an NP be an Adverbial?

Yes

Finite verb

Simple past and simple present

Auxiliary before verb…?

is FINITE, the verb that follows is NON-FINITE.

simple past vs. past participle

simple: already done “wanted”
participle: past tense of doing it “had wanted”

simple present vs. bare infinitive

simple: subject before the base verb
bare infinitive: see if it still makes sense with “to” before it