lec2 physics

What is the primary focus of Chapter 3? | Motion along a straight line (1D Kinematics).

What is the 'Particle Model'? | Treating an object as a single point with mass, ignoring its size and shape.

Define 'Position'. | The location of an object relative to a reference point (Origin).

What is a 'Position Vector'? | A vector pointing from the origin to the object's location.

What is the symbol for Displacement? | Delta x (Δx).

What is the formula for Displacement? | Δx = x_final - x_initial

Is Displacement a scalar or a vector? | It is a vector (has both magnitude and direction).

What does a negative displacement mean? | The object moved in the negative direction (usually left or down).

Define 'Distance'. | The total length of the actual path traveled by an object.

Is Distance a scalar or a vector? | It is a scalar (always positive, no direction).

What is 'Average Velocity'? | The ratio of displacement to the time interval.

Formula for Average Velocity ($v_{avg}$). | v_avg = Δx / Δt

What is 'Average Speed'? | The total distance traveled divided by the total time.

Formula for Average Speed. | Speed_avg = Total Distance / Δt

Define 'Instantaneous Velocity'. | The velocity of an object at a specific moment in time.

How is Instantaneous Velocity calculated in calculus? | v = dx/dt (The derivative of position with respect to time).

What does the slope of a Position-Time (x-t) graph represent? | Instantaneous Velocity.

Define 'Acceleration'. | The rate at which velocity changes over time.

Formula for Average Acceleration ($a_{avg}$). | a_avg = Δv / Δt

How is Instantaneous Acceleration calculated in calculus? | a = dv/dt (The derivative of velocity with respect to time).

What is 'Constant Acceleration'? | A motion where the velocity changes at a steady, unchanging rate.

First Equation of Motion (without displacement). | v = v0 + at

Second Equation of Motion (without final velocity). | Δx = v0t + 1/2at^2

Third Equation of Motion (without time). | v^2 = v0^2 + 2aΔx

Fourth Equation of Motion (without acceleration). | Δx = 1/2(v0 + v)t

What does 'v0' represent in kinematics equations? | Initial velocity (velocity at t = 0).

What does 'g' represent in physics? | Free-fall acceleration due to gravity (approx. 9.8 m/s²).

When is an object 'speeding up'? | When velocity and acceleration have the same sign (both + or both -).

When is an object 'slowing down'? | When velocity and acceleration have opposite signs.

What is the velocity of an object at its peak in vertical motion? | Zero (v = 0).

What is 'Free Fall'? | Motion of an object where gravity is the only force acting on it.

What is the acceleration of an object in free fall (on Earth)? | -9.8 m/s² (assuming up is positive).

Does the mass of an object affect its free-fall acceleration? | No, in a vacuum, all objects fall with the same acceleration.

What does the area under a Velocity-Time graph represent? | Displacement (Δx).

What does the area under an Acceleration-Time graph represent? | Change in velocity (Δv).

What is 'Projectile Motion'? | Two-dimensional motion under the influence of gravity.

Are horizontal and vertical motions dependent in a projectile? | No, they are independent of each other.

What is the horizontal acceleration ($a_x$) in projectile motion? | Zero (assuming no air resistance).

What is the vertical acceleration ($a_y$) in projectile motion? | -g (-9.8 m/s²).

What is the 'Range' (R) of a projectile? | The total horizontal distance traveled.

What is the 'Trajectory'? | The path followed by a projectile (usually a parabola).

What link connects horizontal and vertical kinematics in projectiles? | Time (t).

Define 'Scalar'. | A quantity that has only magnitude (e.g., mass, time, distance).

Define 'Vector'. | A quantity that has both magnitude and direction (e.g., force, velocity).

What happens to horizontal velocity ($v_x$) during projectile motion? | It remains constant throughout the flight.

What is 'Kinematics'? | The study of motion without considering its causes (forces).

What is 'Dynamics'? | The study of motion and the forces that cause it.

Unit of Velocity in SI. | Meters per second (m/s).

Unit of Acceleration in SI. | Meters per second squared (m/s²).