Chapter 7 - The Jeffersonian Era and the War of 1812

Vocabulary and key concepts from the Jeffersonian Era and the War of 1812 focusing on political shifts, territorial expansion, and international conflicts.

Revolution of 1800

The name given to the election where Thomas Jefferson won victory over John Adams with zero violence shed, representing a peaceful transfer of power.

Judiciary Act of 1801

The last law passed by Federalists right before Jefferson's presidency which added $16$ new judges and decreased the Supreme Court from $6$ to $5$ members.

Midnight Judges

The $16$ new judges added by President Adams at the last minute of his administration under the Judiciary Act of 1801.

Marbury v. Madison

The Supreme Court case involving William Marbury that established the Court has the final say on whether something is constitutional or not.

John Marshall

The Chief Justice who dismissed Marbury's suit and established the Supreme Court as the final authority on the meaning of the Constitution.

Louisiana Purchase

The acquisition of land from Napoleon for the purpose of securing free access to the Mississippi; it caused Jefferson to abandon his principles regarding federal power.

Haitian Revolution

The event that led the French to no longer need Louisiana's food supplies for Hispaniola, prompting Napoleon to sell the territory.

Corps of Discovery

The expedition led by Lewis and Clark to explore Louisiana and document the region's flora, fauna, and animals.

Orders in Council

British laws that closed ports to foreign shipping and allowed the seizure of American ships entering British ports.

Impressment

The practice of forcible enlistment of sailors carried out by the British.

Chesapeake Affair

An incident involving an American ship ten miles off the coast of Virginia that was boarded and fired upon at close range by a British war vessel.

Embargo Act

A law that forbade the export of all goods from the United States to pressure foreign powers, which ultimately hurt American farmers and the economy.

Non-Intercourse Act

The replacement for the Embargo Act that reopened trade with all nations except France and Britain.

The Prophet

A leader who, along with Tecumseh, planned to get rid of the tide of white settlers but was discredited after the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Battle of Tippecanoe

A conflict that made William Henry Harrison a national hero and discredited the leader known as The Prophet.

War of 1812

A conflict Madison felt was necessary because American sovereignty was threatened by British presence on the sea, Great Lakes, and Western Frontier.

Battle of New Orleans

A battle where Andrew Jackson and $7000$ soldiers in trenches defeated British forces, leading to increased American nationalism.

Hartford Convention

A secret meeting of Federalist states that proposed grievances including a $\frac{2}{3}$ vote for war and amendments, and the abolition of the $\frac{3}{5}$ clause.