Chapter 35.1 – plant organs, tissues, cells

What are the three main traits characterized by all vascular plants?

Vascular tissue(xylem/phloem), true roots, and true leaves

Morphology of vascular plants

reflects evolutionary history as terrestrial organisms that need to obtain resources from the environment

What resources do plants obtain from about and below ground?

– water and minerals from below ground

– CO2 and light from above ground

What is the purpose of a root?

Anchors the plant and absorbes water and minerals

What is the difference between a taproot and a fibrous root?

taproot = one main root

fibrous = many thin branching roots

What is the purpose of root hairs ?

increase surface area for water absorption

Do roots photosynthesize?

no

What is the purpose of a stem?

raise or separate leaves, exposing them to sunlight, and support reproductive structures that facilitate pollen and fruit dispersal.

What is the difference between an apical bud and an axillary bud?

apical = tip growth

axillary = side branching

What is the purpose of a leaf?

increase the surface area of the plant body and serve as the primary photosynthetic organ

Know the terms blade, stalk, and petiole

What is the purpose of stomata?

Allow gas exchange

What are the three tissue systems in plants?

Dermal, ground,, vascular

What is the function of dermal tissue ?

is the plant’s outer protective coating

What is the function of ground tissue?

includes cells specialized for storage, photosynthesis, and support

What is the function of vascular tissue?

transport of water, nutrients, and sugars

What is lignin

A strengthening polymer in plant cell walls

What is the purpose of xylem?

transports water and minerals upward

What is transported within xylem?

water and dissolved minerals

Are xylem cells living?

No, they are dead at maturity

What is the purpose of phloem?

transport sugars (food) throughout plant

What is transported within phloem?

sugars and organic nutriets

Are phloem cells living?

yes