GI Medications Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts and information from the GI medications lecture notes, including mechanisms, indications, and adverse effects of various medications.

What are the basic compounds used to neutralize stomach acid called?

Antacids.

Which antacid is highly soluble with a quick onset but short duration of action?

Sodium bicarbonate.

What is the main mechanism of action of antacids?

They neutralize acid secretions without preventing the overproduction of acid.

What are the adverse effects of magnesium-based antacids in patients with renal failure?

Potential toxic accumulation of electrolytes.

What conditions are indicated for the use of H2 antagonists?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), erosive esophagitis, and upper GI bleeding.

What adverse effect is particularly noted for Cimetidine?

Impotence and gynecomastia.

What are Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) primarily used for?

Treatment of GERD, erosive esophagitis, and NSAID-induced ulcers.

What potential predispositions exist with prolonged PPI use?

Increased risk of GI infections and osteoporosis.

What is the role of Sucralfate as a mucosal protectant drug?

It forms a protective barrier over ulcers and erosions.

Which medication is an analogue of Prostaglandin E and has cytoprotective activity?

Misoprostol.

What are some causes of diarrhea?

Bacteria, viruses, drug-induced, nutritional factors, protozoa, tumors, diabetes, and irritable bowel syndrome.

What do adsorbents do in antidiarrheal treatments?

They coat the walls of the gastrointestinal tract and bind to causative bacteria or toxins.

What are the two key mechanisms of action for opiate antidiarrheals?

Decrease bowel motility and reduce rectal spasms.

Which type of laxative absorbs water to increase bulk and stimulate bowel activity?

Bulk-forming laxatives.

What is the adverse effect commonly associated with stimulant laxatives?

Nutrient malabsorption and gastric irritation.

What nursing implication should be considered for all laxative types?

Assess fluid and electrolytes before initiating therapy.

What are the main types of antiemetic drugs?

Anticholinergics, antihistamines, antidopaminergics, prokinetics, serotonin blockers, and tetrahydrocannabinoids.

Which type of antiemetic blocks dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)?

Antidopaminergic drugs.

What herbal product is noted for its use in treating nausea and vomiting?

Ginger.

What significant warning should be given to patients taking antiemetics?

They may cause severe drowsiness; warn against driving or performing hazardous tasks.