chapter 12 micro lec

what is mycology ?

study of fungi

what are the characteristics of fungi ?

their cell wall have mannan or chitin and have

Fungi have chemoheterotrophs and what does it do ?

dont make anything on their own they get energy/carbon by absorbing nutrients from organaic matter

fungi can be ___ they perfer __ but can _ without

anaerobic
oxygen
survive

how do fungi reporduce?

sexually or asexually

what is the difference between spore and endospore

spore help reproduce
endospores are domains for survival

fungi grow slower but can grow better in ___ PH becuase it inhibits bacteria in enviroment

5

fungi can grow in high __ and _

sugar
salt

fungi is resistant to

osmotic pressure

fungi can grow in low __ and can metabolize ____ this is why they are good are decomposing

moisture
carbohydrates

What are yeast characteristics?

unicellular
oval

yeast are __ when oxygen is available it does ___ when oxygen is not present it __

anaerobes
aerobic respiration
fermentation

yeast can reproduce by __and _ describe them

fission (evenly)
dudding (unevenly)

what causes yeast to cause infection?

their stage

molds and fleshy fungi can be

multicellular
filamentous

what is fungal thallus ?

the whole body of an organism that doesn’t have roots

describe the following
Mycelium
Vegetative (hyphae)
Aerial hyphae

the main body of a fungus,
the part that feeds and grows
the part that grows up into the air and makes spores

pahthogeic speices can be___ and switch between mold and yeast

dismorphic

what is mycoses ? its ___ and __ to treat

causes fungi infection
chronic
difficult

what is systemic mycoses? provide an example of where

infection deep in the body
lung

whats another words for systemic mycoses ?

endemic

why is systemic mycoses the most dangerous ?

its geographically isolated

what is subcutaneous mycose?

infection beneath skin

what is cutaneous mycoses? provide and example

infection in hair, skin
ring worm

opportunistic mycoses is caused by __ its found in__ and can causes disease if your _ is weak provide an example

fungi
body
immune system
yeast infection

what is aspergillus niger ?

pathogen that helps perserve food

what is saccharomyces cerevisia ?

can make bread and wine and Hep B vaccine

what is taxomyces used for?

can male anticancer drug

what are some effects of economic fungi provide an example

spoile fruits
ruin crops

what are the characteristics of algae

unicellular
filamentous
muticellular

how does algae reproduce?

sextually

location of algae depend on ?

nutrients
wavelenght
surface

why can algae affect the ecosystem?

produces toxin make algal bloom which will sealife

describe the following algae
green
brown
red

stores starch has clorophyll a/b
produce algin has chrophyll a/c
makes agar

how can algae be used for good? (2 reason)

fix carbon (make 80% oxygen)
fossil can be use to make oil

what are characteristics of protozoa? where can they be found ?

unicellular
water and soil

protozoa can be ___and ___ (where they get their nutrietns)

photosynthesis
chemo heter

describe the 2 cycle forms of a protozoa

trophozoite: active in the body
cyst: environment it helps spread host to host

how can protozoa reproduce ?

asextual and sextual

what is trichomonas vaginalis?

UTI that does not have cyst

what is giadia lamblia what does it cause?

giardiasis
cyst form
cant absorb water or fat

what is Entamoeba histolytica?

amoebic that cause bloody diarrhea

what is acanthamoeba?

amoebic cause blindness trasmited trough water

what does obligated intracellular parasite need to survive? whats the life cycle ?

live inside cells
need more than 1 host cell

what is plasmodium and how does it spread ?

cause malaria
spread by mosquito

what is toxoplasma gondii? how can it be spread ?

cause toxoplasmosis
get from cat

what are hlminths

free living or parasitic worms

describe characteristics of helminths

multicellular
eukaryotic animals

helminths have - system and the life cycle has - host stage
which are the —.—, and —-

organ
many
egg
larva
adult

how do helminths reproduce? secribe them (2)

dioecious: has male/female organs
monoecious : has both organs

what are the helminths that cause human disease

flatworms
round worms

helminths are part of the —- kingdom

animalia

describe a fluke (flat worm) and where do you get them ?

leaf shape
has ventral and oral suckers that help them attach (cause damage to blood vessels)
uncooked food

describe cestodes (flatworms)

head with a sucker
no guts (absorb trough cuticle)
has male/female organs

what are the 2 forms of flatworms describe them

beef tape worm (take your nutrients)
prok tape worm (theres larval in cyst and infect)

what are the characteristics of nematodes what kind of digestive system do they have?

round
taped at the end
complete

where do nematode live and how do they infect us ?

soil or water
eggs/ larvae

what is pin worm?

eggs ingested that hatch in the intestine

what are some larvae infections

penetration
ingestion
vector

where do hookworms enter what do they do?

trough skin
infect intestinal wall
feed on blood tissue

what are arthropods?

animals with segmented bodies and hard exoskeleton

arthropods may cause __

artropods

what are the 2 kinds of arthropods describe them?

Arachnida (ticks)
insecta (mosquitos)

how do arthropods transfer disease (2)

mechanical transmission (carry pathogens on their bodies)
biological transmission (bite)