Seed plants

Gymnosperm

A group of seed-producing plants with "naked seeds" not enclosed in an ovary.

Integument

The outer layer of the ovule that becomes the seed coat.

Sporopollenin

A tough polymer in spores and pollen grains for protection.

Seed

An embryonic plant in a protective covering from ovules.

Pollen

Microgametophyte delivering sperm to the ovule.

Ovules

Structures in seed plants developing into seeds post-fertilization.

Pollen Tube

Tube for sperm delivery to the ovule after pollination.

Pollination

Transfer of pollen to female plant organs for fertilization.

Angiosperms

Seed plants with enclosed seeds in a carpel and flowers.

Petal

Colorful flower parts attracting pollinators.

Sepal

Outer flower parts enclosing a bud.

Carpel

Female flower organ with stigma, style, and ovary.

Style

Stalk connecting stigma and ovary in a flower.

Stigma

Flower part where pollen germinates.

Ovary

Female flower part producing ovules.

Stamen

Male flower organ with anther and filament.

Complete Flowers

Flowers with sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.

Incomplete Flowers

Flowers lacking some basic floral organs.

Cotyledon

First leaf produced by a seed plant embryo.

Monocot

Flowering plants with one seed leaf.

Dicot

Flowering plants with two seed leaves.

Eudicot

Flowering plants with two cotyledons, a clade within dicots.