Civic and Collective Identities

what icons do the coins of Ephesus have?

bee and stag

what is the date of the Colophon inscription?

311-306

why is the Colophon inscription significant?

most of the contributions are in drachmai or chrysoi, only one paid in ‘drachms of Alexander’

what is the local symbol of Priene?

a trident

when does the Aetolian League expand?

after defeating the Gauls in 279

what does the obverse of Aetolian League coinage show, and what does this recall?

Athena or Heracles, the coinage of Alexander

what does the reverse of Aetolian coinage show?

personification of Aetolia sitting on Gallic shields

on the reverse of the Aetolian coinage, what could be adjusted to promote a specific political stance?

some of the shields were made to be recognisably Macedonian

what did the Acarnanian League coinage have on the obverse?

the river-god Achelous (a man-faced bull)

when was the Epirote league formed?

after monarchy collapse in 232

what did the obverse of the Epirote League coinage have?

a dual-portrait of Zeus of Dodona and Dione

Polybius quote about the Achaean League

“they even use the same laws, weights, measures and coins”

how did the Achaean League essentially function?

as a single polis

what was on the obverse of the Achaean League silver coinage?

Zeus Homarius

what was on the reverse of the Achaean League coinage?

two letters alpha and chi - meaning Achaeans

how does the Achaean silver coinage retain local identities?

each city adds a symbol or ethnic

give an example of Achaean League silver coinage that is locally differentiated by a symbol

Corinth, the reverse has a winged pegasus

what was on the obverse of the Achaean League’s bronze coinage?

Zeus Homarius holding a Nike who presents him with a wreath

what was on the reverse of the Achaean League bronze coinage?

seated depiction of Achaea, with legend ‘of the Achaeans’, with ethnic of the individual city

how many cities were involved in the Achaean League’s bronze coinage?

over 45

when was the Lycian League freed from Rhodian rule?

168

what is on the obverse of the Lycian League coinage?

Apollo

what is on the reverse of the Lycian League coinage?

lyre within an inset square, legend ‘of the Lycians’, first two letters of the city in which it was minted

give an example two letters you might see on a Lycian league coin to denote the mint

PA for Patara

how do Lycian League coins look similar to Rhodian coins?

similar inset square on the reverse

what changes on Lycian coinage in the 1st century BC?

the name of individual cities disappear and the Lycian ethnic moves to the obverse?

what were the main coins of western Asia Minor from c. 167 BC?

kistophoroi

why did the kistophoroi mainly stay in the regions where they were minted?

they were minted on their own epichoric weight standard, weighing about three quarters of an Athenian tetradrachm

although the kistophoroi looks federal, what actually is it?

Attalid royal coinage

what is the main difference between Aetolian and Achaean coinage?

Aetolian coinage was centralised, with no individual cities named, but the Achaean coinage retained local identity under a federal banner

name a key example of cooperative coinage between two poleis (1)

Mytilene and Phocaea

how do we know about the cooperative coinage between Mytilene and Phocaea, and what is the date?

an inscription, c. 400 BC

what was the pact between Mytilene and Phocaea?

each produced electrum coinage in alternating years

what coins were struck by Mytilene and Phocaea?

hektai, small electrum coins

what happened if an official of Mytilene or Phocaea debased the electrum coinage?

he would receive the death penalty

what was the average weight of the mytilinean/phocaean hektai?

2.52

in terms of value, what can the hektai be compared to?

Athenian tetradrachm

what weight standard were the hektai minted on?

Phocaean weight standard

name another key example of a cooperative coinage between two poleis (2)

Byzantium and Chalcedon

when do Byzantium and Chalcedon issue similar coins?

the course of the 4th century

what do Byzantium and Chalcedon do at the same time, regarding weight?

Change their weight standards from Persian to Chian

what was the basic design of the coinage of Byzantium and Chalcedon?

Obverse: bull facing left, with a dolphin for Byzantium and an ear of barley for Chalcedon. Reverse: quadripartite incuse square

what does ΣΥΝ mean on a certain issue of coinage?

SYMMACHIA

who was minting ΣΥΝ coinage?

8 cities in Western Asia Minor, including Samos and Rhodes

what was the common obverse on ΣΥΝ coinage?

Herakles struggling with snakes

what was the reverse of ΣΥΝ coinage and give one example

civic emblems, Samos with lion’s skin

what is the traditional view about ΣΥΝ coinage?

that it was produced as part of an anti-Spartan alliance between 404-386 BC

which scholar changed the traditional view on ΣΥΝ coinage?

Karwiese

what did Karwiese argue about ΣΥΝ coinage and about what the obverse iconography meant?

that it was pro-Spartan, Heracles was Lysander and the snakes Athens

what weight standard did the ΣΥΝ coinage use?

Chian

what other weight standards was the Chian standard compatible with?

the Aeginetan weight standard used by Sparta’s allies, the Persian standard