Med. Term. Master

aden/o

gland

adren/o

adrenal gland

crin/o

to secrete

gonad/o

sex gland

hormon/o

to set in motion

pancreat/o

sweetbread, pancreas

ren/o

kidney

thyr/o

shield, thyroid

thyroid/o

resemblind a shield, thyroid

endocrine system

works with the nervous system to regulate body functions

hormones

chemicals carried through the endocrine system

hypersecretion

abnormally high hormone production

hyposecretion

abnormally low hormone secretion

endocrinology (end/o/crin/o/logy)

treatment of endocrine diseases

ex-

outside, away from

poly

excessive, over, many

acid/o

a solution of substance with a pH less than 7

acr/o

extermity

dips/o

thirst

ket/o

ketone

ophthalm/o

eye

-ia

condition of

-ism

condition or disease

-megaly

abnormally large

-osis

condition of

-uria

pertaining to urine, urination

acidosis (acid/osis)

condition of excess acid in the body

acromegaly (acr/o/megaly)

bone structure enlargement in an adult without a gain in height

exopothalmos (ex/opthalm/o/s)

abnormal protursion of the eyes

goiter

common sign of thyroid gland disease - swelling on the anterior side of the neck in the location of the thyroid gland

hirsutism

excessive body hair in a masculine pattern

ketosis, ketoacidosis (ket/o/acid/osis)

when an excessive amount of ketone bodies are in the blood and urine producing and acid

polydipsia (poly/dips/ia)

excessive thirst

polyuria (poly/uria)

excessive urination

endo-

within

para-

alongside, abnormal

calc/i, calc/o

calcium

glyc/o

sweet, sugar

myx/o

mucus

adenocarcinoma (aden/o/carcin/oma)

a maligninat tumor that arises from epithelial tissues

adrenalitis (adren/al/itis), adrenal insufficiency

inflammation of the adrenal gland

adrenal hyperplasia

excessive growth of the adrenal gland

congenital hypothyroidism

results from the thyroid gland’s inability to produce normal levels of growth hormone and burth, can result in developmental delays and reduced physical growth

cushing syndrome

excessive secretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex characterized by obesity, moon face, hyperglycemia, and muscle weakness

diabetes insipidis

caused by hyposecretion of ADH

diabetes mellitus

chronic disorder of charbohydrate metabolism - a result of resistance of body cells to indulin or a lack of insulin production

diabetic retinopathy

kidney damage caused by diabetes

endocrinopathy (end/o/crin/o/pathy)

general term for disease of the endocrine system

hyperadrenalism (hyper/adren/al/ism)

excessive activity of one or more adrenal glands - Cushing System

hypoadrenalism (hypo/adren/al/ism)

abnormally low activity of one or more adrenal glands - Addison’s disease

hypercalcemia (hyper/calc/emia)

abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood - result of the abnormal release of calcium from bones leading to the softening of the bones

hypocalcemia (hypo/calc/emia)

abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood - caused by abnormally low activity of the parathyroid hormone

hypoglycemia (hypo/glyc/emia)

condition of high levels of sugar in the blood

hyperglycemia (hyper/glyc/emia)

condition of high levels of sugar in the blood

hypoparathyroidism (hyper/para/thyroid/ism)

excessive production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands

hyperthyroidism (hyper/thyroid/ism)

excessive activity of the thyroid gland that produces abnormally high levels of thyroid hormone - accelerates metabolism

hypothyroism (hypo/thyroid/ism)

deficient thyroid gland activity decreading thyroid hormone blood levels

hypogonadism (hypo/gonad/ism)

abnormally low amounts of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are produced reducing the produciton of sex hormones

pancreatitis (pancreat/itis)

inflammation of the pancreas

thyroiditis

inflammation of the thyroid gland

adrenalectomy (adren/al/ectomy)

surgical removal of one or both of the adrenal glands

endocrinologist (endo/crin/o/logist)

one who studies and treats endocrine disorders

fasting blood sugar (FBS)

blood sugar levels are measures after a 12 hour fast

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

test that examines a patient’s tolerance of glucose

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

synthetic hormones or extracted hormones may be used to counteract hyposecretion of a hormone

parathyroidectomy (para/thyroid/ectomy)

surgical removal or excision of the parathyroid gland

radioiodine therapy

radioactive iodine targets cells within the thyroid gland and destroys them

thyroid scan

procedure measuing thryoid function

thyroidoma (thyroid/oma)

tumor of the thyroid gland

thyroidectomy (thyroid/ectomy)

surgical removal or excision of the thyroid gland

thyroidotomy (thyroid/o/tomy)

a surgical entrance into the thyroid gland

thyroid ultrasonography

can identify abnormalities of thyroid gland tissue using and ultrasound

thyroparathyroidectomy (thyr/o/para/thyroid/ectomy)

surgical removal or excision of the parathyroid glands and the thyroid glands

thyroxine test

a test that measures thyroxine levels in the blood

cephal/o

head

cerebr/o

little brain, cerebellum

crani/o

skull

encephal/o

brain

gangli/o

swelling, knot

mening/i, menig/o

membrane

myel/o

spinal cord, medulla, myelin

neur/o

nerve

phren/o, psych/o

mind

radic/o, radicul/o

nerve root

vag/o

vagus nerve

ventrivul/o

little belly, ventricle

central nervous system (CNS)

contains the brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

contains nerves and ganglia

blood-brain barrier

keeps bacteria, harmful cells, and toxins from entering the nervous system

cerebrovascular saccident (CVA)

disruption of blood flow to the brain resulting in the loss of brain function

par-

alongside, abnormal

esthes/o

sensation

phas/o

to speak

neru/o

nerve

-algesia

pain

-asthenia

weakness

aphasia (a/phas/ia)

inability to speak

cephalgia (ceph/algia)

condition of head pain

convulsion

series of involuntary muscular spasms

hyperalgesia (hyper/algesia)

excessive sensitivity to painful stimuli