Lower Extremity muscle chart

Gluteus Maximus

Action:

• hip extension

• lateral rotation of hip

• abducts hip

Insertion:

gluteal tuberosity of femur

Innervation:

inferior gluteal nerve

Gluteus medius and minimus

Action:

• abducts hip

• medially rotates hip

Insertion:

greater trochanter of femur

Innervation:

superior gluteal nerve

Piriformis

Action:

Laterally rotates the hip

Biceps Femoris

Action:

Long head- extends the hip, flexes and laterally rotates the knee

Short head- flexes and laterally rotates the knee

Origin:

long head- ischial tuberosity

short head- linea aspera

Insertion:

head of the fibula

Innervation:

long head- tibial division of sciatic nerve

short head- common fibular division of sciatic nerve

Semimembranosus

Action:

• hip extension

• knee flexion

• medial rotation of knee

Origin:

Ischial tuberosity

Innervation:

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

Semitendinosus

Action:

• extension of hip

• flexion of knee

• medial rotation of knee

Origin:

ischial tuberosity

Insertion:

pes anserine

Innervation:

tibial division of sciatic nerve

Psoas Major

Action:

flexes the hip

Insertion:

lesser trochanter— merges w/ iliacus to form iliopsoas

Innervation:

femoral nerve

Iliacus

Action:

flexes the hip

Insertion:

lesser trochanter— merges with the psoas major to form iliopsoas

Innervation:

femoral nerve

Sartorius

Action:

hip: flexion, lateral rotation, abduction

knee: flexion and medial rotation

Origin:

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Insertion:

pes anserine

Innervation:

femoral nerve

Rectus femoris

Action:

• hip flexion

• knee extension

Origin:

anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion:

quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Innervation:

femoral nerve

Vastus Intermedius

Action:

extends knee

Insertion:

quadriceps tendon to the patella and then patellar ligament and to tibial tuberosity

Innervation:

femoral nerve

Vastus Lateralis

Action:

knee extension

Origin:

• greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera of femur

Insertion:

quadriceps tendon to patella to patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Innervation:

femoral nerve

Vastus medialis

Action:

knee extension

Origin:

Linea aspera

Insertion:

quadriceps tendon to patella to patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Innervation:

femoral nerve

Gracilis

Action:

hip: abduction and medial rotation

knee: flexion and medial rotation

Insertion:

pes anserine

Innervation:

obturator nerve

Adductor Brevis

Action:

hip adduction, medial rotation, and flexion

Insertion:

linea aspera of femur

Innervation:

obturator nerve

Adductor longus

Action:

hip adduction, medial rotation, and felxion

Insertion:

Linea aspera of femur

Innervation:

obturator nerve

Pectineus

Action:

hip adduction, medial rotation, and flexion

Insertion:

pectineal line of femur

Innervation**

• femoral nerve

• obturator nerve

Adductor magnus

Action:

Adductor part: Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip

Hamstring part: extends and laterally rotates hip

Origin:

• Inferior ramus of pubis

• ischial tuberosity

Insertion:

• linea aspera

• adductor tubercle

Innervation**

adductor part: obturator nerve

hamstring part: tibial division of sciatic nerve

Tensor Fascia Latae

Action:

flexes, abducts and medially rotates hip

Insertion:

IT band to gerdy’s tubercle

Innervation:

Superior gluteal nerve

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Action:

• extends MTP, PIP, DIP of toes 2-5

• dorsiflexion of ankle

• everts ankle

Innervation:

deep fibular nerve

Extensor hallucis longus

Action:

• extends MTP of great toe

• dorsiflexion of ankle

• inversion of ankle

Innervation:

deep fibular nerve

Fibular tertius (lateral side)

Action:

• dorsiflexion of ankle

• weal ankle eversion

Innervation:

deep fibular nerve

Tibialis anterior (medial foot)

Action:

• dorsiflexion of ankle

• inversion of ankle

Innervation:

deep fibular nerve

Gastrocnemius

Action:

• knee flexion

• plantar flexion

Origin/Insertion:

calcaneus— via achilles tendon

Innervation:

tibial nerve

Soleus

Action:

plantar flexion

Origin/Insertion:

calcaneus— via achilles tendon

Innervation:

tibial nerve