CLUSTER 1 PART 2 PADAYON

Emission of charged particles that will undergo in thermionic emission or heating of electrons

A. Deceleration

B. Focusing

C. Liberation

D. Acceleration

C. Liberation

In order to have an x-ray production what will be the two switch to supply the x-ray tube

1. grid-switch

2. exposure switch

3. focusing

4. rotor switch

A. 1 and 4

B. 2 and 3

C. 2 and 4

D. 1 and 3

C. 2 and 4

What switch will supplies current to the filament and stator of x-ray tube

A. kVp switch

B. exposure switch

C. mAs switch

D. rotor switch

D. rotor switch

Two internal components of the x-ray tube that composed of coil of wire

1. Filament

2. Rotor

3. Stator

4. Focusing cup

A. 1 and 4

B. 2 and 3

C. 1 and 2

D. 1 and 3

D. 1 and 3

It is the number of electron that flowing in one conductor

A. current

B. voltage

C. resistance

D. inertia

A. current

What state of motion where electrons in the stator will moves and starts the rotation of the rotor and target

A. ERM induction

B. Potential energy

C. Kinetic

D. Magnetic domain

A. ERM induction

To narrow down the path of electron in a single pathway

A. Liberation

B. Space charge

C. Focusing

D. Thermionic emission

C. Focusing

What phenomenon where all the emitted electron will fill in the vicinity center of the focusing cup and due of negative charges that electron carry it will undergo to electrostatic repulsion it will form

A. Thermionic emission

B. Cloud of positive electrons

C. Projectile electrons

D. Space charge effect

D. Space charge effect

It repels the negative focusing cup

A. Ions

B. Photon

C. mAs

D. Electron

D. Electron

What switch will supplies kV and exposure time to prouduce x-rays

A. kVp switch

B. exposure switch

C. mAs switch

D. rotor switch

B. exposure switch

Measures the voltage provided to the x-ray imaging system and adjusts that voltage to precisely 220 V

A. diode

B. transformer

C. exposure switch

D. line compensator

D. line compensator

Kilovoltage provides energy to each of the electrons and electrons moves from cathode to target

A. Deceleration

B. Focusing

C. Liberation

D. Acceleration

D. Acceleration

X-rays have isotropic contribution of energy

A. True

B. False

A. True

The kinetic energy of the electrons will interact to the target material and it converted into electromagnetic energy

A. Deceleration

B. Focusing

C. Liberation

D. Acceleration

A. Deceleration

In order to have an x-ray production what is the included processes

1. Focusing

2. FID

3. Acceleration

4. Liberation

5. Deceleration

A. 1, 2, 3, 4

B. 2, 3, 4, 5

C. 1, 3, 4, 5

D. 2 and 4 only

C. 1, 3, 4, 5

During deceleration, how will the kinetic energy be converted into x-rays?

1. 99% x-rays

2. 1% - heat

3. 99% - heat

4. 1% - x-rays

A. 3 and 4

B. 1 and 2

C. 1 and 3

D. 3 and 4

D. 3 and 4

Electron interaction with matter is the;

1. Compton

2. White radiation

3. Anode heat

4. Characteristic

A. 1, 3, 4

B. 3 and 4

C. 2, 3, 4

D. AOTA

C. 2, 3, 4

Projectile electron will interacts to the outer shell interaction where it simply raised to an excitation due of insufficient energy to ionize them

A. Photoelectric interaction

B. Characteristic interaction

C. Anode heat

D. Bremsstrahlung interaction

C. Anode heat

The outer shell electron will only emit its energy after the vibrating electron stopped, therefore ______ occurs

A. X-ray

B. Heat

C. Infrared radiation

D. Characteristic

B. Heat

The excess incident electron during the anode heat will may interact to another atom and can cause

A. Vibration

B. Bremsstrahlung

C. Ionization

D. Multiple excitation

D. Multiple excitation

Projectile electron will interact to the inner shell electron with enough energy to eject the electron that can cause void/vicinity inside the atom

A. Photoelectric interaction

B. Characteristic interaction

C. Anode heat

D. Bremsstrahlung interaction

B. Characteristic interaction

What will happened to the projectile electron after it interacts to the inner shell electron?

A. Ionize

B. Heat occurs

C. Disappear

D. Fill in the vacancy

C. Disappear

Ionization occurs during;

A. Photoelectric interaction

B. Characteristic interaction

C. Anode heat

D. Bremsstrahlung interaction

B. Characteristic interaction

What will happen to the vicinity after the electron will get ejected?

A. Cascade occurs

B. Braking down

C. Excitation occurs

D. Disappear

A. Cascade occurs

As the electron moves from outer shell electron to inner shell electron

A. Photoelectric interaction

B. Characteristic interaction

C. Excitation

D. Bremsstrahlung interaction

B. Characteristic interaction

Its the energy required to remove an electron from the atom

A. Kinetic

B. Motion

C. EBE

D. ERM

C. EBE

Characteristic x-rays will be dependent on the target atom

A. True

B. False

A. True

At 100 kVp, approximately how many percent of x-ray beam is characteristic?

A. 35%

B. 80%

C. 15%

D. 20%

C. 15%

Projectile electron loses its kinetic energy as it slows down to the nuclear field and will change its direction

A. Photoelectric interaction

B. Characteristic interaction

C. Excitation

D. Bremsstrahlung interaction

D. Bremsstrahlung interaction

During bremsstrahlung the farther the electron, the x-ray energy will also increase which is called continuous emission where it will have lots of energy or also called;

A. Discrete

B. Polypanchromatic

C. Polyenergetic

D. Isotropical

C. Polyenergetic

What force occur when the projectile electron will slow down and changed it course after it loses its kinetic energy during bremsstrahlung?

A. Repel

B. Attraction

C. Heat

D. Ionization

B. Attraction

What will happen if the distance of the projectile electron during Bremsstrahlung interaction will be further in the nuclear field?

1. increase x-ray energy

2. low attraction

3. little loss of energy

4. high attraction

5. low x-ray energy

A. 1 and 4

B. 1, 2, 3

C. 2 and 5

D. 2, 3, 5

D. 2, 3, 5

In which interaction can cause too many interactions or too many energies?

A. Characteristic

B. Bremsstrahlung

C. Anode heat

D. Classical

B. Bremsstrahlung

Liberation will supply the current through;

A. Filament

B. Focusing cup

C. Stator

D. both a and c

D. both a and c

Stoppage of the movement of electron

A. Deceleration

B. Focusing

C. Liberation

D. Acceleration

A. Deceleration

Type of x-rays produce in the x-ray tube

1. Secondary x-rays

2. White x-rays

3. Primary x-rays

4. Characteristic x-rays

A. AOTA

B. 1 and 4

C. 2 and 3

D. 2 and 4

D. 2 and 4

Refers to the energy/penetrability of x-rays

A. kVp

B. mA

C. S

D. mAs

A. kVp

Provides the energy of each electron during x-ray production

A. kVp

B. mA

C. V

D. mAs

A. kVp

kVp controls which of the following;

1. Time

2. # of x-rays

3. Energy

4. Quality

5. Contrast

A. 2 and 4, 5

B. 1, 2, and 3

C. 3, 4, and 5

D. AOTA

C. 3, 4, and 5

What is the x-ray quality parameters that kVp controls;

1. Velocity

2. Amplitude

3. Wavelength

4. Frequency

A. 1, 2, 3

B. AOTA

C. 1, 2, 3

D. 1, 3, 4

D. 1, 3, 4

If the kVp increase, and wavelength decrease, what will happened to the velocity?

A. increased

B. decrease

C. same

D. no relation

D. no relation

What parameters in x-ray quality is inversely proportional to the wavelength?

1. energy

2. kvp

3. velocity

4. frequency

A. AOTA

B. 1, 2, 4

C. 2, 3, 4

D. 1 and 2

B. 1, 2, 4

What parameters will increase the penetrability of the x-rays?

1. increase kvp

2. increase wavelength

3. increase energy

4. increase frequency

A. AOTA

B 1 and 3

C. 2 and 4

D. 1, 3, 4

D. 1, 3, 4

What parameters will decrease the quality of the x-rays?

1. increase kvp

2. increase wavelength

3. low energy

4. low frequency

A. AOTA

B 1 and 3

C. 2, 3 4

D. 4 only

C. 2, 3 4

The rate of rise and fall of a sine wave

A. Amplitude

B. Frequency

C. Wavelength

D. Velocity

B. Frequency

It measures the x-rays quantity

A. Radiation intensity

B. X-ray quality

C. Radiation exposure

D. both a and c

D. both a and c

The number of ionization events in air is described as

A. Radiation intensity

B. X-ray quality

C. Radiation exposure

D. both a and c

D. both a and c

By decreasing the kvp, the intensity will;

A. intensity will decrease 2x

B. no effect

C. intensity will decrease 4x

D. intensity will increase

C. intensity will decrease 4x

Mr. Martinez, a student intern, changes the kvp from 60 to 80 to a particular exam. By increasing the kvp, this will also increase the;

1. scattering

2. patient dose

3. x-ray quality

4. x-ray quantity

5. contrast

A. 1, 2, 3

B. 3 and 4

C. 3, 2, 4, 5

D. 1, 3, 4

D. 1, 3, 4

By decreasing the kVp, which factors will increase?

1. speed

2. wavelength

3. contrast

4. patient dose

A. 1 and 2

B. 3 only

C. 2, 3, 4

D. 1, 2, 3

C. 2, 3, 4

What interaction occur when x-rays will just pass through to the matter

A. Partial absorption

B. Attenuation

C. Transmission

D. Absorption

C. Transmission

What interaction occur when there's a reduction of x-ray intensity when it passes through material?

A. Partial absorption

B. Attenuation

C. Transmission

D. Photoelectric

B. Attenuation

What is the term used to describe x-ray photon interaction with matter and the transference of part of the photon's energy to matter?

A. Absorption

B. Scattering

C, Attenuation

D. Divergence

B. Scattering

This occurrence is helpful or the production of the radiographic image, but it contributes significantly to the dose received by the patient because it involves complete absorption of the incident photon

A. Partial absorption

B. Attenuation

C. Transmission

D. Photoelectric

D. Photoelectric

What is the relationship of the kVp to transmission interaction?

1. increase kvp

2. increase penetrability

3. decrease patient dose

4. increase absorption

A. AOTA

B. 1 and 2

C. 2, 3, 4

D. 1, 2, 3

D. 1, 2, 3

What is the relationship of the kVp to scattering interaction?

1. increase kvp

2. increase energy transfer

3. decrease patient dose

4. increase absorption

A. AOTA

B. 1 and 3

C. 2, 3, 4

D. 1, 2, 3

B. 1 and 3

What is the relationship of the kVp to total absorption interaction?

1. increase kvp

2. increase energy transfer

3. increase patient dose

4. increase absorption

A. AOTA

B. 1 and 3

C. 2, 3, 4

D. 1, 2, 3

C. 2, 3, 4

As you increase the kVp,

1. patient dose decrease

2. scattered radiation increase

3. contrast resolution decrease

A. True

B. False

A. True

It defines as the overall blackness of the film

A. Density

B. Contrast

C. mAs

D. Quantity

A. Density

What is the relationship of the density to transmission interaction?

1. increase destiny

2. gray tones

3. decrease density

4. black tones

A. 1 and 2

B. 3 only

C. 1 only

D. 1 and 4

D. 1 and 4

What is the relationship of the density to scattering interaction?

1. increase destiny

2. gray tones

3. decrease density

4. black tones

A. 2 and 3

B. 3 only

C. 1 only

D. 1 and 4

A. 2 and 3

What is the relationship of the density to total absorption interaction?

1. no density

2. gray tones

3. decrease density

4. white

A. 2 and 3

B. 3 only

C. 1 only

D. 1 and 4

D. 1 and 4

A 15% increase in kVp, is equivalent _________ of a density on the radiographic film

A. reduce by half

B. increase 4x

C. no effect

D. increase by half

D. increase by half

A 15% decrease in kVp, is equivalent _________ of a density on the radiographic film

A. reduce by half

B. increase 4x

C. no effect

D. increase by half

A. reduce by half

A radiograph shows low density using 65 kVp and 2 mAs. To double its density, what is the new exposure factor combination?

A. 75 kvp, 4 mAs

B. 55 kVp, 2 mAs

C. 75 kVp, 2 mAs

D. 55 kVp, 4 mAs

C. 75 kVp, 2 mAs

A radiograph displays a good density but higher absorption using 55 kVp and 8 mAs. To produce similar density and lower absorption, what is the new exposure factor combination?

A. 63 kVp, 16 mAs

B. 47 kVp, 16 mAs

C. 63 kVp, 4 mAs

D. 47 kVp, 4 mAs

C. 63 kVp, 4 mAs

A radiograph produces many scattering using 98 kVp and 12 mAs. To produce same density level and reduce the scattering, what is the new exposure factor combination to be used?

A. 83 kVp, 24 mAs

B. 112 kVp, 6 mAs

C. 112 kVp, 24 mAs

A. 83 kVp, 6 mAs

A. 83 kVp, 24 mAs

A radiograph shows a good density using 80 kVp and 30 mAs. This produces a high patient dose. In order to reduce the patient dose and maintain its density, what is the exposure factor combination to be used

A. 68 kVp, 15 mAs

B. 92 kVp, 15 mAs

C. 68 kVp, 60 mAs

D. 92 kVp, 60 mAs

B. 92 kVp, 15 mAs

A radiograph shows overexposure using 110 kVp. To reduce the density by half, what is the new kVp?

A. 126 kVp

B. 82 kVp

C. 93. 5 kVp

D. 69 kVp

C. 93. 5 kVp

It's the variations/differences of densities

A. Quantity

B. Density

C. Contrast

D. Quality

C. Contrast

Which of the following will produce many shades of gray

1. scattering

2. transmission

3. density

4. photoelectric

A. AOTA

B. 2 only

C. 1 only

D. 1 and 4

C. 1 only

Which of the following will improve the contrast

1. long scale

2. few shades of gray

3. low kvp

4. short scale

5. high kvp

A. 1, 2, 3, 4

B. 2, 3, 4, 5

C. 2, 4, 5

D. 2, 3, 4

D. 2, 3, 4

Which of the following will degrade the contrast

1. long scale

2. few shades of gray

3. low kvp

4. short scale

5. high kvp

A. 1, 2, 3, 4

B. 5 only

C. 1 and 5

D. 2, 3, 4

C. 1 and 5

The length or period of time that there is x-ray production

A. S

B. mA

C. Exposure time

D. a and c

D. a and c

It control the number of x-ray

A. kVp

B. mA

C. Exposure time

D. mAs

B. mA

Any combination of Ma and exposure time that results to same mAs, the resultant density is also the same.

A. Inverse square law

B. Direct square law

C. Ohms law

D. Reciprocity law

D. Reciprocity law

Describe the relationship of Ma and sec in maintaining the density of radiograph

A. Inverse square law

B. Direct square law

C. Ohms law

D. Reciprocity law

D. Reciprocity law

X-rays are produced as incident electrons interact with the target atoms by a process called:

A. Classical scattering

B. Photoelectric effect

C. Bremsstrahlung

D. Compton effect

C. Bremsstrahlung

If SID is doubled, what may be said about radiographic density?

A. Density doubles

B. Density reduced by one-half

C. Density increased by four times

D. Density is reduced by one-fourth

A. Density doubles

As time of exposure increases radiation dose _______.

a. Decreases

b. Increases

c. Increases by two

d. NOTA

b. Increases

Exposure (mAs) is measured by multiplying _____ by _____.

a. shielding thickness, exposure time

b. exposure rate, exposure time

c. exposure rate, shielding thickness

d. exposure time, distance

b. exposure rate, exposure time

If all other factors remain constant, radiation dose is related to x-ray beam-on time:

a. By the inverse square

b. Directly

c. Inversely

d. Exponentially

b. Directly

provides maximum contact b/w the base and emulsion

a. substratum layer/adhesive layer

b. supercoat/overcoat/topcoat

c. base

d. Emulsion

a. substratum layer/adhesive layer

a durable protective layer that is intended to prevent damage to the sensitive emulsion layer underneath it

a. substratum layer/adhesive layer

b. supercoat/overcoat/topcoat

c. base

d. Emulsion

b. supercoat/overcoat/topcoat

it is the material used in the base of the film

i. polyester

ii. ethylene glycol

iii. dimethyl terephthalate

iv. silver bromide

a. i,ii and iv

b. iv, i and iii

c. i, iii and ii

d. NOTA

c. i, iii and ii

It is the material used in the Emulsion

i. Gelatin

ii. Ag

iii. Br

iv. AgNo3

v. silver iodide

a. i, ii , iv and v

b. ii, iii, v and v

c. i, ii, iii and v

d. v, iv, iii and i

c. i, ii, iii and v

what are the characteristics of a film base?

a. lucency

b. dimensional stability

c. superior physical stability

d. AOTA

d. AOTA

Few factors can be applied to produce acceptable OD

a. narrow exposure latitude

b. wide exposure latitude

c. film latitude

d. colloid

a. narrow exposure latitude

in what year the polyester film base was innovated?

a. 1958

b. 1960

c. 1895

c. 1860

b. 1960

designed for use without the need for an intensifying screen and uses thicker emulsion, so processing time is ↑, intraoral dental radiography.

a. screen-type film

b. direct-exposure film// non screen film

c. single-emulsion film

b.direct-exposure film// non screen film

the most widely used radiographic film, general choice for diagnostic radiology and made to be used with one or two intensifying screens but more sensitive to light than x-rays

a. screen-type film

b.direct-exposure film/ non-screen film

c. single-emulsion film

a. screen-type film

Listed below is the characteristic of a spectral sensitivity, what type of film it is?

i. blue sensitive, sensitive to wavelength

ii. globular grains

iii. insensitive to red, orange, and yellow

a. panchromatic film

b. monochromatic film

c. orthochromatic film

b. monochromatic film

Listed below is the characteristic of a spectral sensitivity, what type of film it is?

i.sensitive to all visible light

ii. mainly used in photography

iii. mainly used in photography

iv. no insensitivity

a. panchromatic film

b. monochromatic film

c. orthochromatic film

a. panchromatic film

Listed below is the characteristic of a spectral sensitivity, what type of film it is?

i. green sensitive,sensitive towavelength <620 nm

ii. tabular grains

iii. rare earth phosphor

iv. insensitive to red

a. panchromatic film

b. monochromatic film

c. orthochromatic film

c. orthochromatic film

This statement are TRUE except:

a. films should be laid on cabinet or benches

b. rubber gloves are avoided, use cotton gloves when necessary

c. care mustbetaken when handling filmtoprevent pressure marks and staticartifacts

d. film should not be dropped orslid ona surface

a. films should be laid on cabinet or benches

Arrange the following sequence to form a Latent image

1. silver halide crystals have a negative surface

2. this causes the negative electrons in the surface to migrate to the sensitivity speck

3. when the emulsion is exposed to light or x-rays, the crystals absorb the energy

4. amount of metallic silver deposits = amount of exposure to the halide crystals

5. the metallic silver blackens, resulting in blackened areas on the radiograph

6. amount if blackening =amount of exposure the halide crystal received

7. this occurs on the entire surface of the emulsion, forming the latent image

a. 1, 5, 2, 6, 7, 4

b. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,

c. 1, 3, 2, 4, ,7, 5, 6

c. 1, 3, 2, 4, ,7, 5, 6

This are the ideal storage temperature for a fresh films

a. 20c or 70 F

b. 30c -60 F

c. 40c-60 F

d. 30c or 70 F

a. 20c or 70 F

the usual storage for original radiographs is

a. 3-5 yrs

b. 5-7yrs

c. 4-6 yrs

d. 5-6 yrs

b. 5-7yrs

This are the prevention of fresh films from outdating , adhere to "first in, first out" or "last in, last out" system

a. False

b. True

c. False, Only FIFO

d. maybe

b. True

This are the way to prevent pressure Except !

a. films are stored vertically, at edge, straight or upright

b. film sheets may or may not be separated by photo-inert leaves of paper that prevent films from sticking to one another or to prevent pressure artifacts

c. film should be warmed up to room temperature at 35°C or 85°F before using again

c. filmshould be warmed up to roomtemperature at 35°C or 85°F before usingagain