Unit 4 Imposition of Ideology Social 30-1

What two superpowers were fighting in the Cold war

USA and the USSR

Expansionism

Attempt to enlarge territorial and idealogical influence beyond a country’s borders/allies

Containment

Attempt to prevent another country’s expansionism through means other than direct warfare

Deterrence

Discourages an action by instilling fear of consequence

Spheres of Influence

Territories/countries which a powerful country dominates

Truman doctrine

When president Truman called on the US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities/outside pressures - Wanted to stop soviet expansionism

(Wanted to assist free peoples to determine ones own destiny)

Marshall plan

Aid plan to help the recovery of countries ravaged by war in europe (U.S gave 13B of fiscal support)

Molotov plan

Bilateral economic treaties between USSR and Eastern Europe to try and reinforce soviet presence in Europe

What was the context for the berlin airlift?

Germany was divided between East and West Germany - Stalin blocked road, rail, and river traffic into Berlin

Berlin airlift

Allies used airlift to send in resources into Berlin - This was a huge success as it spurred enthusiasm, prevented famine, and unified Germany

How did Stalin respond to the berlin airlift

He realized he could not win economically/politically so he removed the blockade - showed anti-soviet movement

Who was a part of NATO (at least 3)

West - France, U.K, U.S

Who was a part of the warsaw pact

East - Soviet union, poland

Non aligned movement

Countries that did not want to be aligned with the two superpowers

What does the Korean war exemplify

Containment

General context of the Korean war

North korea (Communist) invaded south, South Korea asked U.N for help who agreed to help because China and the USSR was not there to oppose it

After Stalin dies, who comes into power

Khrushchev

What does Khrushchev advocate for

De-stalinization - denounces secret police and calls for more freedom

Hungarian revolt

• Movement against Soviet control

• New government is created and denounces the warsaw pact

• USSR calls in the military and insurrection is crushed

• New communist government established

What did the hungary revolt demonstrate

Separate spheres are respected - Showed that different ideologies remained untouched

Berlin Wall

• East Germany has less freedoms and are more poor than

• One day, the border closed without warning and people are trapped in

How did the USSR justify the berlin wall

Wall is need to control corrupting influence of western capitalism

How did the US justify the wall

USSR needs to create the wall, otherwise everyone would want to leave

Brinkmanship

Pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of safety before stopping - last one to the brink

What event best demonstrates brinkmanship

Cuban Missile crisis

Cuban missile crisis brief context

USA discovers that the USSR placed nuclear weapons in Cuba

The USA responds with a naval blockade and after negotiating, USSR agrees to take out missiles if USA does not invade Cuba

Result of the Cuban Missile crisis?

Detente - Missiles removed, nuclear war avoided

What were the conditions of Vietnam leading up to the war?

Vietnam was under a communist leader who had the support of the USSR and China

Eventually, the country was divided into the North and South (who was supported by the USA)

What was the US worried about during the vietnam war

Domino Theory

Domino Theory

The idea that if one country falls to communism a chain reaction would set off and communism will spread

What were the long term impacts of the Vietnam war for vietnam

• Vietname becomes unified and communis

• Health issues

• psychological

• environmental

What were the long term impacts of the Vietnam war for the US

• Loss of reputation

• Deep polarization within the USA (for and against the war)

• PTSD

Kent state

Protests against the vietnam war where 4 students were killed by Ohio national guard

Why was Kent state ironic

Lack of liberalism inside supposed ‘baston’ of freedom

Detente

Easing of tensions between superpowers through diplomacy, arms talk+reduction, cultural exchange

Imposition of ideology USSR in Afghanistan