real chemicAL EFFECTS

Electric Current

The flow of electrons from the negative terminal of a source to the positive terminal in a closed circuit.

Charge

The fundamental unit of matter is the atom, which contains positively charged protons, neutral neutrons, and negatively charged electrons.

Conductor

A material that allows electricity to flow through it easily, such as metals like copper and silver.

Insulator

A material that does not allow electricity to flow through it, such as rubber and plastic.

Electrolyte

A liquid that is a good conductor of electric current, typically containing ions.

Non-electrolyte

A liquid that does not allow electricity to flow through it, such as sugar solutions and distilled water.

Electrolysis

The process where an electrolyte breaks down into its constituent substances when electric current passes through it.

Anode

The electrode where oxidation takes place and which is positively charged.

Cathode

The electrode where reduction takes place and which is negatively charged.

Electroplating

The process of depositing a layer of a desired metal on another material using electrolysis.

Electrical Conductivity

The ability of a material to conduct electricity or to allow the flow of electric charges.

Electrolytic Cell

The arrangement consisting of a vessel, the electrolyte, electrodes, and a source of current.

Free Electrons

Electrons in metallic elements that can be easily freed from the atom to facilitate electrical flow.

Conductivity of Water

Pure water is a poor conductor of electricity, while tap water conducts well due to impurities.

Electrolysis of Water

The process of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen gases during electrolysis.