Skin microbes

Normal flora of the skin:

• Staphylococcus epidermidis

• Corynebacterium diphtheriae

• Propionibacterium acne

• Candida sp.

• Staphylococcus aureus

What is the only non-bacterial normal flora on the skin?

Candida— it is a fungus

What is the bacteria that causes acne?

Propionibacterium acne

What type of pathogen is Proprionibacterium acne (true or opportunistic)?

It is an opportunistic pathogen/

What microbe causes dermatitis?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Is pseudomonas aeruginosa (dermititis) gram + cocci or gram - rod?

It is a gram - rod.

T or F: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is very antibiotic resistant.

True

What type of culture does pseudomonas aeruginosa (dermatitis) need, and what does this tell us?

MacConkey agar— this microbe does not ferment lactose, hence why the plate stays light pink

Is pseudomonas aeruginosa oxidase - or +?

It is oxidase +

What microbe gives off a fruity odor and is bright green in color?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (dermatitis)

Is Staph. aureus Gram + cocci or Gram - rod?

It is gram + cocci

What microbe is responsible for impetigo, folliculitis, cellulitis, and necrotizing fascitis?

Staph. aureus

T or F: Staph. aureus is both catalase and coagulase +

T

What are the 3 main virulence factors that staph. aureus has?

1) capsule

2) coagulase

3) protein A

What does protein A do and which microbe has it?

Protein A blocks the binding of phagocytes, it is found within Staph aureus.

What does MRSA stand for?

Methicillin resistant staph aureus.

What are the two types of MRSA?

Hospital associated (HA) and community associated (CA)

Which form of MRSA has the mecA gene and what does this gene do?

Both types— this gene makes it resistant to beta lactam drugs.

Which type of MRSA can be treated with vanomycin?

HA- MRSA

What type of MRSA is resistant to ONLY methicillin?

CA-MRSA

What type of MRSA carries the PVL gene?

CA-MRSA

What microbe often times causes toxemias?

Staph aureus.

What is a super antigen?

Causes an extreme immune response because they can bind to any immune cell.

What toxemia is associated with SPE A antigen?

Group A strep toxic shock

Rheumatic fever is a sequale to what toxemia?

Group A strep.

What microbe causes cutaneous anthrax?

Bacillus anthracis

How is bacillus anthracis (cutaneous anthrax) transmitted?

Direct contact with endospores.

Exanthems are characterized by a ___ and are ___ viruses.

Rash, resipiratory

If there is a vaccine for an exanthem, what type of vaccine is it?

Live attenuated

What are the 5 common exanthem?

1) measles (ruebola)

2) rubella (german measles)

3) roseola

4) chicken pox (varicella)

5) fifth disease

‘Ruby has Koplik spots’

Measles (rubeola) causes a macular rash, fever, cough, and koplik spots which are a diagnostic indicator.

What is the most contagious human virus?

Measles

Pneumonia, immune amnesia, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) are all sequales of what virus?

Rubeloa/measels

MMR vaccine covers which viruses?

Measles, mumps, and rubella

‘Bella is German and pregnant’

Rubella virus— causes a macular rash and congenital rubella syndrome is a concern.

What is congenital rubella syndrome?

When a mother is infected with rubella in the 1st trimester- this can cause miscarriage, still birth, or birth defects

‘Rosy is no big deal’

Roseola— caused by HHV-6, a mild disease only lasting a few days

Chickenpox and shingles:

Caused by varicella-zoster virus— vesicle lesions that goes latent in nerve cells

What type of vaccine is the varicella vaccine?

Live attenuated

What type of vaccine is the shingles-specific vaccine?

Subunit

How is chickenpox spread?

Via the respiratory route

What exanthem gives the “slapped cheek” rash?

fifth disease— parvovirus B19