Openstax Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 8

Acetabulum

large socket in the pelvic bone for the head of the femur

Acromial end of clavicle

articulates with scapula

Acromioclavicular joint

acromion articulates with clavicle

acromial process

acromion of scapula

anatomical neck

line on the humerus located around the outside margin of the humeral head

appendicular skeleton

Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton

ankle joint

joint that separates the leg and foot portions of the lower limb; formed by the articulations between the talus bone of the foot inferiorly, and the distal end of the tibia, medial malleolus of the tibia, and lateral malleolus of the fibula superiorly

anterior inferior iliac spine

small, bony projection located on the anterior margin of the ilium, below the anterior superior iliac spine

anterior superior iliac spine

rounded, anterior end of the iliac crest

Bicipital groove

intertubercular groove; narrow groove located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus

Calcaneus

heel of foot

Capitulum

knob-like bony structure located anteriorly on the lateral, distal end of the humerus

carpal bone

one of the eight small bones that form the wrist and base of the hand; these are grouped as a proximal row consisting of (from lateral to medial) the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform bones, and a distal row containing (from lateral to medial) the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones

Carpal tunnel

Passageway for 9 tendons and major nerve, wall and floor are made up of carpal bones where the roof is flexor retinaculum. Overuse compresses the nerve causing pain and numbness

carpometacarpal joint

Connects the metacarpals to the distal carpals

corcoid process

short, hook-like process that projects anteriorly and laterally from the superior margin of the scapula

Clavicle

articulates with acromion of the scapula and manubrium

Coronoid fossa

room for coronoid process of ulna on humerus

Coronoid process of ulna

swings into coronoid fossa at flexion

Coxal bones

bones around sacral curve

Deltoid tuberosity

connection for deltoid muscle

Distal radioulnar joint

head of ulna articulates with distal end of radius

distal tibiofibular joint

articulation between the distal fibula and the fibular notch of the tibia

Femoral head

articulates with the pelvis at acetabulum to femur

Femur

Fibula

fibular notch

wide groove on the lateral side of the distal tibia for articulation with the fibula at the distal tibiofibular joint

Glenhumeral joint

The synovial ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder

Glenoid cavity

scapula articulates with humerus

Greater pelvis

Greater sciatic/iliac notch

large, U-shaped indentation located on the posterior margin of the ilium, superior to the ischial spine

Hallux

big toe

Hamate

Head of fibula

articulates with tibia at superior tibiofibular joint

Head of Femur

rounded, proximal end of the femur that articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint

Head of humerus

articulates with scapula

Head of metatarsals

distal end of metatarsal

Head of ulna

small, rounded distal end of the ulna; articulates with the ulnar notch of the distal radius, forming the distal radioulnar joint

Head of radius

disc-shaped structure that forms the proximal end of the radius; articulates with the capitulum of the humerus as part of the elbow joint, and with the radial notch of the ulna as part of the proximal radioulnar joint

Head of humerus

smooth, rounded region on the medial side of the proximal humerus; articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

Humerus condyle

articulates with radius and ulna

Iliac crest

upper margin of iliac bones

Iliac fossa

The broad, slightly concave inner surface of the ilium.

Ilium

hip bone

inferior angle of scapula

inferior corner of the scapula located where the medial and lateral borders meet

inferior pubic ramus

narrow segment of bone that passes inferiorly and laterally from the pubic body; joins with the ischial ramus to form the ischiopubic ramus

Ischial ramus

bony extension projecting anteriorly and superiorly from the ischial tuberosity; joins with the inferior pubic ramus to form the ischiopubic ramus

Ischial spine

pointed, bony projection from the posterior margin of the ischium that separates the greater sciatic notch and lesser sciatic notch

Ischial tuberosity

receives the weight of the body when sitting

Ischium

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

Lateral border of scapula

diagonally oriented lateral margin of the scapula

layer condyle of the femur

smooth, articulating surface that forms the distal and posterior sides of the lateral expansion of the distal femur

lateral condyle of the tibia

lateral, expanded region of the proximal tibia that includes the smooth surface that articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur as part of the knee joint

lateral epicondyle of the femur

roughened area of the femur located on the lateral side of the lateral condyle

Lateral malleolus

lateral support for ankle

lateral epicondyle of humerus

small projection located on the lateral side of the distal humerus

lesser trochanter

small, bony projection on the medial side of the proximal femur, at the base of the femoral neck

lesser tubercle

small, bony prominence located on anterior side of the proximal humerus

Medial and lateral tibial condyles

articulates with condyles of femur

Medial border of scapula

elongated, medial margin of the scapula

medial condyle of the femur

smooth, articulating surface that forms the distal and posterior sides of the medial expansion of the distal femur

medial condyle of the tibia

medial, expanded region of the proximal tibia that includes the smooth surface that articulates with the medial condyle of the femur as part of the knee joint

medial epicondyle of the femur

roughened area of the distal femur located on the medial side of the medial condyle

medial epicondyle of the humerus

enlarged projection located on the medial side of the distal humerus

medial malleolus

bony expansion located on the medial side of the distal tibia

metacarpal bone

one of the five long bones that form the palm of the hand; numbered 1-5, starting on the lateral (thumb) side of the hand

metatarsal bone

one of the five elongated bones that forms the anterior half of the foot; numbered 1-5, starting on the medial side of the foot

neck of femur

narrowed region located inferior to the head of the femur

Olecranon fossa

room for olecranon of the ulna on humerus

Olecranon

swings into olecranon fossa at full extension

Patella

kneecap

Pelvic sizes for male vs female

males have bigger pelvic bones where female have wider pelvis with greater distance between the ischial tuberosities

Phalanges of hand

14

Phalanges of the foot

Pubic symphysis

median pad of fibrocartilage that connects the two pubic bones

Pubis

radius

bone located on the lateral side of the forearm

Radial fossa

room for radial head on humerus

Radial head

swings into radial fossa at humerus at flexion

Radial notch

room for head of radius on ulna

Sacroiliac joint

The connection point between the pelvis and the vertebral column.

Scapula

Sternal end of clavicle

articulates with sternum

Styloid process of ulna

provides flexibility of wrist

Styloid process of radius

articulates with wrist bones

Surgical neck of humerus

sternoclavicular joint

articulation between the manubrium of the sternum and the sternal end of the clavicle; forms the only bony attachment between the pectoral girdle of the upper limb and the axial skeleton

Talus

articulates with tibia

Tarsal bones

one of the seven bones that make up the posterior foot; includes the calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and lateral cuneiform bones

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton

126 bones

Tibia

the medial and larger bone of the lower leg

Tibial tuberosity

attachment of patellar ligament

Tibiofibular joint

pertaining to the joint between the tibia and fibula

Trochlea of humerus

articulates with trochlear notch of ulna

Trochlear notch

articulation between ulna and trochlea of the humerus at the elbow joint, found on ulna

trochlea

pulley-shaped region located medially at the distal end of the humerus; articulates at the elbow with the trochlear notch of the ulna

Ulna

medial bone of the forearm

Ulnar notch of the radius

shallow, smooth area located on the medial side of the distal radius; articulates with the head of the ulna at the distal radioulnar joint

Sternoclavicular joint

Articulation between the clavicle and the sternum

obturator foramen

opening in hip bone formed by the pubic and ischial rami