Bones

What are the 2 divisions of the skeleton

Axial / appendicular

What does the axial skeleton include?

Skull, vertebral column, ribs

What does the appendicular skeleton include?

Limbs, shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle

What are the functions of the skeleton

Support, protection, movement, blood cell production, mineral storage.

Long bone example

Femur

Short bones example

Carpals, tarsals

Flat bone example

Skull, ribs

Irregular bones

Vertebrae

Seasamoid bones example

Patella

What is a foreman?

Hole

What is a fossa?

Depression

What is a process

Projection

What is a trochanter?

Large projection (femur)

Diaphysis

Shaft

Epiphysis

Ends

Metaphysics

Between shaft & ends

Medullary cavity

Hollow center

Compact bone

Dense outer layer

Spongy bone

Trabeculae

Yellow marrow

Fat storage

Red marrow

Blood cell production

Osteoblast

Builds bone

Osteocyte

Maintains bones

Osteoclast

Breaks bone

What gives bone flexibility

Collagen

What gives bone strength?

Calcium salts

Compact banes contain

Osteons

Spongy bane contains

Trabeculae

Appositional growth

bone grows in width

Endochandral ossification

Bone replaces cartilage

Epiphyseal plate

Growth plate

What happens when plate closes

Growth stops

What is intramembranous ossification

Bones forms directly example skull bones

Why do bones need blood supply?

Growth & healing

What hormone increases blood calcium

Parathyroid hormone

What hormone decreases blood calcium

Calcitonin

Step l fracture healing

Hematoma

Step 2

Soft callus

Step 3

Hard callus

Step 4

Remodeling

Transverse fracture

Straight across

Spiral fracture

Twisting

Comminuted fracture

Many pieces

Compression fracture

Bone crushed

Greenstick fracture

Partial break