Conceptual Frameworks for Understanding Hazards

What is a conceptual framework

An analytical tool with several variations and contexts. It is used to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas (represented as descriptions, text, diagrams)

What is a Paradigm

Widely recognized scientific achievements that, for a time, provide model problems and solutions for practitioner, a system of thinking, an analytical tool

The engineering paradigm (pre-1950’s)

Long history of practice, dam construction, stopbanking, channel modification, protecting buildings from earthquakes, building codes, weather forecasting

The behavioural paradigm (1950-1970)

The belief that hazards are not purely geophysical phenomena, humans build on floodplains and do things to expose themselves to hazards, characterized by a “blended” approach which includes land use planning, insurance

Development paradigm (1970-1990)

A more theorised approach, based on experience in developing countries which more severe impacts. Belief that disasters arise from the workings of global economy and marginalisation of disadvantaged people, critique of capitalism and globalisation of economic processes

Complexity paradigm (1990-)

Most recent critique, behavioural and development paradigms have made contributions but are deficient. Case for a boarder, more integrated view that encapsulates interactions between variables (physical, tech, social, institutional)

issue with paradigms

Overstated and simplistic

Taieri flood in 1980

25% larger than the largest recorded flood in NZ, $8 million in damages, Waipori stop banks failed, flooded Dunedin airport