2020 Human Growth and Development HOSA

Healthy People 2020

an evidence-based 10-year report card describing health-care accomplishments within the United States from the years 2000 to 2010 and a prescription for what needs to be done between now and the year 2020

[Enable the nation to achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and create a social and physical environment] that

What are the overarching goals of the Healthy People 2020 plan?

The US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) published it in 2011

Who published Healthy People 2020 and when?

Infants, Children, Teens and Young Adults, and Older Adults and the Geriatric population

What are the four major age groups in Healthy People 2020?

Leading Health Indicators

Selected high priority issues for the current 10-year period

1. Access to health services

2. Clinical preventive services

3. Environmental quality

4. Injury and violence

5. Maternal, infant, and child health

6. Mental health

7. Oral health

8. Reproductive and sexual health

9. Nutrition, physical activity, and obesity

10. Substance abuse

11. Tobacco

What are the leading health indicators for 2020?

Determinants of health

The range of social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status

Biology

Refers to the individual's genetic makeup, family history, and the physical and mental health problems acquired during life

Behaviors

individual responses or reactions to internal stimuli and external conditions

Social environment

interactions with family, friends, coworkers, and others in the community

Physical environment

Thought of as that which can be seen, touched, heard, smelled, and tasted

Health status

Evaluating specific details of the determinants of health enables understanding of this within the population

Birth and death rates, life expectancy, morbidity from a certain disease, access to health care, and health-insurance coverage

How can health status be measured?

Life expectancy

the average number of years a person is expected to live

Rank 50 with an average life expectancy of 78.49 years

**Where does the United States rank on life expectancy?

Gender, race, and education status and income

Life expectancy can be measured in terms of what?

Infant mortality rate

The number of deaths that occur before 1 year of age per 1000 live births

World Health Organization (WHO)

Which organization developed efforts towards worldwide health improvement?

UN Millenium Declaration

What stated a series of goals, targets, and indicators relating to health and the alleviation of poverty?

1. Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger

2. Promoting gender equality and empowering women

3. Reducing child mortality

4. Improving maternal health

5. Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other endemic diseases

6. Ensuring environmental sustainability

7. Establishing a global partnership to achieve the goals

What are the current Millennium Declaration goals for global health?

Standards of Practice

The foundations of laws related to consumer protection

In 1750 Philadelphia

When and where was the first hospital for the poor established?

Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing

What was the name of the first nursing school in 1873 New York?

Clara Barton

Who founded the American Red Cross in 1881?

The Mayo brothers

Who first came up with the idea of private-office healthcare practices in 1887?

American Medical Association, Rockefeller Foundation, and Carnegie Foundation

What three organizations advocated professional care and devalued self care?

Plan of care

Developed as a tool for communication among team members and patients; Can be an individual patient plan of care, family plan of care, or hospital care path that outlines the needs of the patient and planned approach to meet those needs

Nurse practice acts

Define the scope of practice for nurses within that state

scope of practice

The identification of and legal limitations to the usual and customary skills practiced by a professional

Nursing Licensure Compact (NLC)

enables traveling nurses to function in multiple states

informed consent

That a patient has received information regarding risks, advantages, and alternatives available for a planned procedure in a language that can be understood by the patient

Accreditation

the process by which an institution is recognized as meeting specific predetermined standards of care

Consumer Bill of Rights

Stresses the importance of the relationship between the health-care provider and patient

1. Have choice of providers

2. Have access to emergency services

3. Take part in treatment decisions

4. Receive respect and nondiscrimination

5. Maintain confidentiality of health-care information

6. Have resources for complaint and appeal

What are the six consumer rights of the Consumer Bill of Rights?

Medicare

A type of insurance program in which benefits are received after contributions are made through payroll deductions

Medicaid

Similar to a welfare program in which benefits are provided on a basis of need or poverty

National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Which two agencies write periodic reports concerning vital statistics, census data, and results of health surveys?

Federal Register

Federal legislation concerning health care is recorded and published in the what?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Requires standards of safety be maintained by employers to protect the health and safety of employees and mandates the reporting of injuries sustained by workers

Managed Care Organization (MCO)

Attempt to standardize and control costs of healthcare

Health maintenance organizations

Provide care for prepaid members

Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)

Contract with professionals to provide care to a specific group of patients at an agreed-on fee-for-service rate

homeopathy

the use of minute portions of chemicals for their healing power

Political Action Committee (PAC)

influence legislation by offering monetary contributions to legislators who support their needs and by providing lobbying efforts to create an awareness of needed legislation

Culture

A set of learned values, beliefs, customs, and behaviors that is shared by a common social group and is passed down through generations of family

Cultural Sensitivity

Being aware that cultural differences exist and have an effect on values, learning, and behavior

cultural competence

The acceptance of, awareness of, and respect for beliefs, values, traditions, and practice that are different from one's own

cultural stereotyping

assumption that all the people in one culture behave the same way and believe the same thing

Beliefs

cultural teachings of practices and values that are handed down for generations and determines how one behaves and responds to daily life and healthcare practices

Values

deep feelings about what is right or wrong, good or bad

Ethnicity

a cultural pattern shared by people with the same cultural heritage

cultural awareness

recognizing the history of patients' ancestry or culture and how their customs influence the handling of problems, issues, or teachings

Ethnocentric

believing in the superiority of one's own ethnic and cultural group, and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups

Stereotyping

Assuming that everyone in a particular group is the same.

Acculturation

the adjustment to a new culture

cultural care

professional health care that is culturally sensitive, appropriate, and competent

cultural interventions

achieved when health-care info is presented in a way that includes specific cultural styles, colors, pictures, symbol, and so forth, that add credibility to the content by reflecting cultural values

Communication and personal space

What two factors should you consider when providing culturally competent care?

Humoral theory

The idea that balances between hot and cold affect health and illness; Prevalent in many non-Western cultures (hot vs cold is determined by the food's effect on the body)

Self-Determination Act of 1991

This granted patients in the US the legal right to full disclosure of medical information to allow individuals to participate in their own care

alternative medicine

health care practices and products used in place of conventional medicine

complementary medicine

health care practices and products used together with conventional medicine

family

a basic human social system that involves commitment and interaction among members

nuclear family

Mother, father and children living as a unit

extended family

household made up of several generations of family members

single-parent family

a family in which only one parent is present to care for the children

Foster parent family

Parents who care for children requiring parenting because of a dysfunctional family, no family, or individual problems

alternative family

communal family

dual-career family

A family in which both spouses have careers outside the home.

blended family

consists of a biological parent, a stepparent, and the children of one or both parents

polygamous family

a family consisting of one man, several wives, and their children

Homosexual family

Family group made up of same-sex adults who share bonds of emotional commitment and roles of childrearing.

Cohabitation family

a living situation in which a man and woman live together but are not legally married

sibling rivalry

competition between siblings, often for parental attention

Theory

a group of concepts that forms the basis for understanding observations

Family Systems Theory

a theory that views the family as a system of interacting parts whose interactions exhibit consistent patterns and unstated rules

family dynamics

the natural tendency in families to seek a stable state

Family APGAR

assesses family function and their ability to adapt, grow, develop and resolve issues

developmental stage

period in life characterized by the mastery of specific skills or behaviors

developmental task

a competency or skill that helps a person cope with the environment or advance personal development

physical competencies

Include functional abilities that result from motor and neurological development

emotional competencies

self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management

social competencies

Include the ability to form positive interpersonal relationships

dysfunctional family

A family that provides a negative environment that discourages the growth and development of family members.

cultural assimilation

the process by which racial or ethnic groups are absorbed into the dominant group by adopting the dominant group's culture

cultural relativism

The concept that normality comes from the standard social practices of a specific culture

culture shock

personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life

Children's Television Act of 1990

This defined family viewing time for programs and placed controls on programs aired during hours when children are likely to be watching

Facebook depression

common term used for the teen who overuses social networking to the point of altering sleep and eating habits and isolating himself from peers and family, eventually succumbing general depression

Cyberbullying

the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature.

Sexting

Sending or posting sexually suggestive content with images or text messages

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Behavioral Theories

explain the development of specific behaviors and suggest their relationships to other developing social skills

psychodynamic theories

Focus on personality trait development and psychological challenges at different ages

cognitive theories

focus on advancement of the development of thinking

Humanist Theories

describe the influence of human experiences such as love and attachment on behavior and personality development

sociocultural theories

Describe how culture influences behavior

Developmental Theories

focus on changes in physiology, psychology, and behavior that occur normally at different stages in the lifespan

Sigmund Freud

Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.

Id

a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives; Operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.