Sociocultural Test 3

Queer Theorization

analytical frameworks that disrupts normative binary views of gender and sexuality by examining how cultural, historical, and media texts produce normalcy and deviance identities such as Lesbians, Gay, Bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ)

Sexuality

a historical way of perceiving, categorizing, and imaging the social relations of sexes that privileges on sexual behavior as “normal” and “natural” and others as “abnormal” and “unnatural”

Heterosexual

sexually attracted to the opposite sex

Heterosexism

overarching system of advantages bestowed on heterosexuals, based on the institutionalization of heterosexual norms or standards that privilege and heterosexuals and heterosexuality, and excludes the needs, concerns,

sexual orientation

a person’s sense of identity based on romantic attraction, sexual attraction, and sexual behavior between people of the opposite sex

transgender

people whose gender identity and/or gender expression do not match societal expectations and for whom this fact is central to their identity and/or in determining their life circumstances

gender

a wide range of social/cultural meanings that are ascribed to sex categories. Gender includes gender identities and gender expressions

gender identity

a person’s internal and self-concept with regard to gender categories like man, woman, transgender, genderqueer

cisgender

non-transgender people whose gender identity and expression conform with relative ease to the societal expectations

gender expressions

refers to behavior such as attire, demeanor, and language, through which we intentionally or unintentionally communicate gender

gender roles

are specific sets of expectations for gender expression which characterize what men and women are “supposed to” be in a particular society

sexual orientation

a person’s sense of identity based on romantic attraction, sexual attraction, and sexual behavior between people of the opposite sex

Edward Soja

conceptualizes space as a social construct that is inseparable from social life and justice

Henry Lefebvre

space is not a neutral container, but a social product that is constantly produced and reproduced through social relations, power dynamics, and economic structures

Lesley Mazer and Katherine Rankin

Space is both social and symbolic construct

Richard Burton

creation of ghettos—justification of the separation of race and class

high altitudes for whites and low for marginalized

Gentrification and reclamation of indigenous settlements

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

segregation ensures the limitation of cultural exchanges between the dominant group and the marginalized (inheritance of acquired characteristics and reduction in shared norms, values, beliefs, and traditions)

Ebenezer Howard

Garden City Zoning: cultural paternalism and racial paternalism

paternalism

the practice of those in position of power to restrict the freedom of subordinate people in the subordinate’s supposed best interests

(cheap labor and materials for poor spaces, racial and class segregation)

ableism

all-encompassing system of discrimination and exclusion of people living with disabilities

discourse analysis

there is a conceptual terrain in which knowledge is formed and produced (discursive rules are strongly linked to power, it’s hard to think outside of them)

TESOL History

immigration policies, Bilingual Education Act, Lau v. Nichols, Equal Education Opportunity Act, shift from industrial economy to global, production and distribution of goods, crumbling boundaries of previously separated countries

linguicism

a social construct of a perception that one language form is superior to all others (systematic oppression)

ageism

the process of systematic stereotyping of and discrimination against people because they are old, and the loss of power, voice, and limited access to participation in society from a basis of equity

adultism

systematic subordination of younger people as a targeted group who have relatively little opportunity to exercise power in the US