EXAM 3 Concepts

Baroque Characteristics

Dramatic, emotional art with strong contrast and movement

Catholic Baroque in Italy and Spain

it was used to inspire faith because of its dramatic and theatrical nature

Ultra-Baroque

Extremely ornate and dramatic

Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor) by Valazquez

complex portrait of the royal family that he included himself in

Artemisia Gentileschi

Judith Slaying Holofernes

she was assulted by a man who taught her to paint, so she made lots of paintings with women avenging men in places of power. Painted in the style of Carravagio, the scenes empower women.

Ecstasy of St. Teresa & Coronaro Chapel by Bernini

the sculpture shows a spiritual drama at a point where St. Teresa was in a mystical experience.

Bel Composto

unified sculpture, arcitecture, and painting

Bernini

Italian sculptor and architect of the Baroque period in Italy, known for movement and emotion.

Caravaggio

Italian painter noted for his realistic depiction of religious subjects and his intense use of tenebrism

Tenebrism

a certain type of painting that shows faces and bodies being illuminated by highlights, which contrast in a dark setting.

Valazquez

Spanish court painter, master of realism

Cornaro Chapel

Chapel designed by Bernini around St. Teresa sculpture

Dutch context

protestant, middle class patrons, every day subjects

Group Portraiture

Dutch baroque style of group painting, this genre is one Rembrandt worked and was the most lucrative

Still Lifes

arrangements of non human objects in an artful manner, the objects were used as symbolism of wealth, time, and morality.

Vermeer

A Dutch painter who used a great deal of light. He enjoyed painting people doing everyday things. His most famous painting is the Girl With the Pearl Earring

Camera Obscura

early optical device that was used to aid composition

Louis XIV of France

“Sun King,” he loved theatrics and dancing. He was the absolute monarch of France, and he commissioned the palace of versailles

Versailles

massive palace symbolizing royal control and wealth.

Hall of Mirrors

Grand hallway in Versailles, extravagantly gilded and lavish

Enlightenment

18th century, age of reason, science, progress, and questioning authority

Moralizing satire

art criticizing society

Conversation piece

a type of genre painting in which a group of figures are posted in a landscape or domestic setting, popular especially in the 18th century.

Rococo

light, pastels, lots of white, playful, aristocratic, lush foliage, private settings, loose brushstrokes

Rococo salons

elegant social rooms for conversations. Also known as drawing rooms

Fete galante

a type of rococo painting depicting the outdoor amusement of the French upper-class society.

Watteau, Pilgrimage to Cythera

romantic, fete galante, embodies rococo art

Fragonard’s The Swing

playful, flirtatious, rococo scene, lush foliage, pastels, private outdoor scene, aristocratic clothing.

French Revolution

overthrow of the monarchy, rise of citizen power, impacted art themes.

Royal academies

European professional art societies established in the mid 17th century that operated schools of instruction and held exhibitions. They controlled artistic standards in Europe.

Salon Exhibitions

official art shows deciding success or failure.

History Paintings

highest genre: moral, heroic stories

Prix de Rome

a prestigious scholarship for young artists that sent them to study classical art in Rome

Grand Tour

wealthy Europeans traveling to study culture

Rosalba Carriera

famous pastel portrait artist. She used pastels instead of oil because they dried quicker. This was for the people visiting on their grand tours.

Pastels

soft chalk medium, popular for portraits

Romanticism

19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason.

The Sublime

awe mixed with terror, giant nature overpowering humans.

Odalisque

a female slave in the harems of the East. It was a favorite subject of the 19th century artists in a reclining position

Goya

dark emotional works, criticism of war and humanity

Romantic Landscape

emotional nature scenes, the sublime

Turner

dramatic, atmospheric landscapes, created the Slave Ship

Thomas Cole, The Oxbow

American wilderness vs. civilization

Neoclassicism

return to greco roman order. Reason, simplicity, depicting classical history. Larger sized paintings, polished brushstrokes, classical references.

Winckelmann

Scholar who inspired Neoclassicism

Oath of the Horatii

David’s painting of duty and sacrifice, depicted the men with strong, straight lines, and the women with more curved lines and a softer stance.

Neoclassicism vs. Romanticism

Neoclassicism: universal truths, historical examples, logic, line

Romanticism: personal subconscious, contemporary events, the sublime, color