P/S Pankow

Where is the origin of Acetylcholine?

Frontal cortex/Basal forebrain, Basilis & Septal nuclei- Similar to Mesocortical pathway

What is the most powerful predictor of friendships and relationship?

Geographical proximity

What is the Mere exposure effect?

Repeated exposure to novel people or objects ↑ our liking for them More often we see something, the more often we like it

I see Milo everyday and begin to like Milo more. What is this?

Mere exposure effect

Advertisers depend on what effect to sell you different products?

Mere exposure effect Annoying af

What is the Similarity bias?

We will not befriend people different from us Only bros with those similar to us

Describe Perceived similarity:

Thinking another person (often SO) is similar to them but they aren't actually similar

What is Projection bias?

We assume others share the same beliefs we do

Andrew has a set Pre-Med idea and assumes others do too. What bias is this?

Projection bias- We assume others share the same beliefs we do

What is False consensus?

We assume everyone else agrees with what we do, even if they do not Saying Physics sucks and assuming everyone thinks that, despite people liking Physics

A False Consensus is when you think everyone _____ A Projection Bias is when you think everyone _____

agrees with your opinion has the same beliefs as you

What is the term for the bond between mother and child?

Attachment

Harlow monkey experiments _____ _____ Preferred _____

Wire mother provided food Cloth mother provided comfort Cloth mother Attachment basis to mother is due to comfort, not food

What are the results of the Harlow Monkey Experiments?

Attachment basis to mother is due to comfort

In the Harlow Monkey Experiments, the cloth mother acts as a _____

secure base- Eventually monkey is comfortable enough to explore world on it's own, because it knows cloth mother will still be there

Young babies are happy to be passed around, but then around 8 months: _____ sets in

stranger anxiety

What is Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation? Experiment done to _____.

try to understand why some kids have stranger anxiety and some don’t children left in room with stranger after mom left dependent on parenting styles Mothers sensitive to child and responsive had secure attachment Mothers insensitive/unresponsive formed insecure attachments

Describe a Secure attachment:

explored when mother was present, cried when she was gone, went to her when she returned

Describe an Insecure attachment:

clung to mom when she was present, cried when she was gone, and continued to cry when she returned Even avoidant behaviors when she returned

Describe Authoritarian parenting:

Very strict, break will of child, punishment

Describe Authoritative parenting:

Strict, consistent and loving but more pragmatic and issue-oriented and listen to children's arguments Balance responsibility with rights of child Discipline

Describe Permissive parenting/Indulgent parenting:

Non-directive and lenient. Few behavioral expectations for child

Authoritarian parenting is _____ Authoritative parenting is _____

bad good Authoritarian = dictatorship Authoritative = disciplined but fair

What is Reinforcement-modeling?

Kids model their behavior based on reinforcement Parents who give into demands of child during temper tantrums lead to more temper tantrums in future

A child throws a tantrum and a mother gives in and gives the child what he wants. This makes the child more likely to throw tantrums in the future. This is an example of:

Reinforcement-modeling

What are Social scripts?

Instructions provided by society on how to act

What are sets of behaviors for a specific interaction?

Social Scripts

What is Altruism?

Care about welfare of other people and are acting to help them Beneficial to society and also individuals

What is Kin-selection?

People act more altruistically to close/kin than distant/non-kin people Same when people share last names, especially true if peole have rare last names

Me being friendly with others who share the last name Bouras is an example of what?

Kin selection

What is Reciprocal altruism?

People are more cooperative if they will interact with that person again in the future We feel more obliged to help someone else if they have helped us

Charities send out small gifts. By helping you out now, they hope you respond by giving them a larger gift in the future. This is an example of what form of Altruism?

Reciprocal altruism

Describe Cost signalling:

Helping out others because you want to let them know you are a big deal/rich/have resources

"Look at how I am capable of helping you out because I'm rich as fuck" is an example of what form of altruism?

Cost signalling

What allows altruist to establish a "better than you reputation" _____

Cost-signalling

What is Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis?

Some people are altruistic due to empathy

Affection, love, trust, caring. These are examples of: _____ support

Emotional

Expressions of confidence/encouragement are a form of:

Esteem support

Sharing information with us or giving us advice is what?

Informational support

Financial support, material goods, or services are all examples of: _____ support

Tangible/instrumental

What form of support gives someone a sense of social belonging?

Companionship support

What are Ascribed statuses?

Statuses you can't change, given from birth

Prince of royal family _____

Ascribed status

What is Achieved status?

Status you earn yourself after working for it

Being a doctor is what form of status?

Achieved status

What is Master status?

What you identify with as the most important A woman feels her role as a mother is more important than her role as a woman

What is Role Strain?

When you cannot carry out all obligations of a status results in tensions within one status one role

When a student has to write 2 papers, 8 million anki cards, 20 pages of PS KA, and 9 lab reports in a week. This is:

Role strain

What is Role Conflict?

Conflict between 2+ different statuses The different statuses compete for someone's time

Me having to juggle EC's, friendships, school, research, clinical experience, volunteerism, fraternity life, and family relationships is experiencing:

Role conflict

What is Role Exit?

When an individual stops engaging in a role previously central to their identity and the process of establishing a new identity

Me going from a fraternity bro to a Pre-Med gunner is an example of:

Role Exit

What are Primary groups?

closest members of the group to you Close intimate long-term relationships

What is Primary group?

Your core social group- Parents, close friends from childhood

What is In-group?

The group you are affiliated with based on identification- Ethnicity, nationality, gender, religion

What are Secondary groups?

Formal, impersonal, temporary relationships based on a limited goal Short-term

What is Dramaturgy?

When interacting, people are assumed to act in accordance with the expectations of their audience people planned their conduct, want to guide and control how they’re seen, and act differently alone than in public

Explain the Front stage of dramaturgy:

How we act when we are in a social setting

Watching baseball with friends despite not liking baseball is what stage of dramaturgy?

Front stage

Describe the Back stage of dramaturgy:

More private area of our lives, when the act is over

Guy who said he loved baseball might come home and like watching cooking shows, cooking nice meals, hanging with his cat. Nobody knows this about him. What stage of dramaturgy is this?

Back stage

A medical student that adopts a much more empathetic approach than usual when working with a patient would be utilizing:

Front-stage self

What is Impression management?

Our attempt to control how others see us on the front stage There are multiple front stages, and you have to play a different role every time.

What stage do you work on impression management?

Back stage, Ex. putting on makeup, look in mirror and try different outfits is training area for impression management

What is Discrimination?

Different treatment and harmful actions against minorities

What is Individual discrimination?

Individual person acting to discriminate based on something sex, religion, race, age

A science professor doesn't let women into his class is an example of:

Individual discrimination sex discrimination

What is Institutional discrimination?

Organization discriminating government, banks, schools

Brown vs. Board of Education _____

Institutional discrimination Brown said these schools aren't equal, and Africans were being mistreated

What is Unintentional discrimination?

How policies can discriminate unintentionally

What is Side-effect discrimination?

One institution/organization/sector can influence another negatively Institutions -- Economics, politics, law, medicine, business are all interrelated, and discrimination in one area can effect another Ex. a small town where African American always get unfair verdict of guilty. Then while applying to a job later, don’t get the job because of record. Criminal justice reached unfair verdict, and potential employers are swayed too.

A small town black guy is affected by the criminal system which affects his economic situations which affects his health care abilities is an example of:

Side-effect discrimination

Past-in-Present discrimination _____

How things done in the past, even if no longer allowed, can have consequences for people in the present After Brown vs. Board, blacks didn't feel welcomed in the classroom

After Brown vs. Board verdict, girl in integrated school still doesn’t feel welcome in her classroom. This is:

Past-in-Present Discrimination

What is Prejudice?

Attitudes that prejudge a group CEO doesn't think women are capable of running a team Make same assumptions about everyone in a group without considering their differences

CEO doesn't think women are capable of running a team is an example of:

Prejudice

Difference between Discrimination and Prejudice?

Discrimination is actions are being taken on negative-attitude

What is Utilitarian Organization:

Members are paid/rewarded for their efforts- Businesses and Govt. jobs

Businesses and Govt. jobs are an example of: _____ organization

Utilitarian paid for their efforts

What are Normative Organizations?

Members come together through shared goals, religion groups, or MADD (mothers against drunk driving)

Religion groups or MADD are an example of: _____ organizations

Normative come together thru a shared goal

What are coercive organizations?

Members don't have choice about membership prison. military

People in prison or the military are in a: _____ organization

Coercive, no choice about membership

Organizations achieve maximum efficiency through _____

bureaucracy rules, structures, and rankings that guide organizations

What is Bureaucracy?

Rules, structures, and rankings that guide organizations maximum efficiency

What is Bureaucratization?

Process by which organizations become increasingly governed by laws and policy Customer service

Customer service, now moving through 12 menu options before reaching someone to help you is:

Bureaucratization more laws and policies

What is Iron rule of Oligarchy?

Any human organization will inevitably become controlled by a ruling elite, no matter how democratic it is in the start

What is an Oligarchy?

A small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution

What is McDonaldization?

Policies of fast food organizations have come to dominate other organizations of society efficiency, calculability, predictability, uniformity, and control

Movie theaters all look the same and work similarly. All ticket systems now the same too. Same pre-show enternatinment. These are examples of:

McDonaldization Pervasive throughout society

Max Weber _____ 5 main characteristics of an ideal bureaucracy, regardless of the goal of the organization

Structure of Organizations

Max Weber is primarily related to _____ as his theory is an expansion of _____

conflict theory Karl Marx

Describe Max Weber's Division of Labor: _____ Can lead to:

People are trained to do specific tasks Trained incapacity Workers are so specialized in tasks they lose touch with overall picture

Administrators don't teach classes at University and professors are not responsible for building maintenance is:

Division of Labor Max Weber

What is Max Weber's Hierarchy of Organization?

Each position is under supervision of higher authority. Not all people of an organization are equal CEO, Manager, Assistant, Intern

An organization having a CEO, Manager, Assistant, Intern is:

Hierachy of Organization Max Weber

Describe Max Weber's Written Rules and Regulations: _____ What is Goal displacement?

There are written rules and regulations lol. Rules become more important than goals of organization

An organization focusing more on rules than the total goal is:

Goal displacement Max Weber They are displacing their true goals due to too much emphasis on rules ↓ productivity and societal success

Describe Max Weber's Impersonality:

How individuals and officials conduct activities in unbiased manners