History

Final Study

3 facts about the wealth of nations

• published in 1776 and became the foundation for the study of modern economics

• it put forth the idea the government should be actively involved in planning the economy

• it put forth the three natural laws of economics

What economic policy favored a free market and letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without gov. interference

Laissez Faire

Before and after the industrial revolution.

Before this historic event people lived in the countryside, on farms, and got the things they needed by making it themselves. After, people lived in cities and things were made by machines in factories.

Communism

A form of socialism where all property and resources are owned by the community.

Utopian socialist goals

Perfect society, government, laws, economy, with no extreme wealth or poverty, and everybody is happy.

Utilitarianism

The theory that argues gov. actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest amount of people .

Karl Marx helped write what

The Communist Manifesto

Who wrote the wealth of nations

Adam Smith

Unions

Voluntary associations of workers who pressed for reforms.

Capitalism

An economic system where property and resources are owned by the people.

what is a strike

The refusal to work employees

The process of negotiation between workers and employees

Collective bargaining

Nineteenth-century socialists argued that the gov should do what

Actively plan the economy

What were three factors of production required for industrialization

• Land

• Labor

• Capital

3 facts about the community manifesto

• published in 1848 and became the foundation for the study of scientific socialism

• promoted the idea that history was based on conflict between the haves and the have-nots

• promoted the idea that a worldwide revolution was coming between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat

Established a settlement house in Chicago for the aid of women and children

Jane Addams

Leader of the Utilitarianism movement in the 1800’s

John Stuart Mill

Karl Marx’s native country where he was exiled from twice

Germany

The industrial revolution made what class of people the owners of capital the ruling class

Bourgeoisie

One of the most famous American reformers of the 19th century, this MA native advocate for free public education for all children

Horace Mann

Workers who protested working conditions by destroying machines

Luddites

One of the first utopian socialists proposed equality of economic opportunity based on ability ideas that went hand in hand with Christianity.

Saint-Simon

This class was made up of the members of the working classes who were being exploited by the factory owners.

Proletariat

The country where Karl Marx and his partner lived while they conducted their most famous writings.

Great Britian

Influenced by Adam Smith he introduced the idea of utilitarianism

Jeremy Bentham

Led the fight for abolition of slavery in the British Parliament

William Wilberforce

Wrote principles of political economy and taxation and argued that the working class would always be poor with low wages

David Ricardo

Utopian socialist who set up model cooperative working communities in Scotland and Indiana.

Robert Owen

This was the first country to successfully undergo a communist revolution

Russia

In and essay on the principle of population who argued that because population growth outpaces food supplies that without wars or epidemics most people ewer destine dog be poor

Thomas Malthus

Canal the connected the Mediterranean sea to the red sea

Suez Canal

Battle that marked first time than an African started defeated a western power

Adowa

Afrikaans speaking farmers who were descended from dutch settlers

Boers

American journalist turned explore he was commissioned by the king of belgium to make land claims for him in Africa

Stanley

Talented Zulu ruler fought with Europeans in southern Africa

Shaka

Famous 19th century missionary and explorer of Africa

Livingston

African nation that was able to maintain its independence from 19th century European imperialism

Ethiopia

King of belgium he had land claims in Africa and ran a colony in the congo river basin

Leopold II

African king who embraced western ideas and succeeded in fighting off European imperialists

Menelik II

Father of modern Egypt after he seized control of the country he modernize egypt and its army

Muhammad Ali

what was the great game

the military strategies Russia used to protect Afghanistan from Britain

A policy of treating colonial subjects as if they were children providing for their needs but not giving them rights

Paternalism

An interest in or taking of land for its strategic location of products is

Geopolitics

What regions came under french control between 1879 and 1912

• Algeria

• Tunisia

• Morocco

3 pairs of European powers and their African holding

• Britain-Nigeria

• France-Madagascar

• Italy-Libya

The belief that one race is superior to to others

Racism

A country or territory with its own internal gov but under the control of an outside power

Protectorate

The Crimean war was lost by who

Russia

A country or territory that is governed internally by an outside power

Colony

Russia and Britain agreed to share spheres of influence in what country

perisa

By combining the old cape colony and natal with the boer republics the british created what

The union of south Africa

Policy in which strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically economically or socially

Imperialism

by 1914 the ottoman empire had what

had started to decline to about a thirty of its greatest size

what aspect of the ottoman empire appealed most world powers

Its access to the atlantic sea trade

quinine was used by Europeans to provide partial immunity from what

Malaria

3 factors that contributed to the weakening of the ottoman empire

• A series of weak sultans

• Corruption that led to financial loses

• Increasing inflation

Persias concessions to western businesses there led to what

The development of oil fields