amendments

s

how many amendments are there

27

how many articles make up structural constitution,

7

1st amendment

freedom of religion, speech, press, assebmly

2nd amendment

right to bear arms

3rd amendment

quatering to soilders

4th amendment

search and seizure

6th amendment

right to witness

7th amendment

jury trial in civil lawsuit

8th amendment

excenssive fines, crual and unusual punishment

mapp v ohio

Established the "exclusionary rule," meaning evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment cannot be used in a court of law

Miranda v. Arizona

Ruled that detained criminal suspects must be informed of their constitutional rights to an attorney and against self-incrimination prior to police questioning. used 6th amendment

Brown v. Board of Education

Declared state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, violating the Equal Protection Clause. used 14th amendment

14th amendmet

granted citizenship to formerly enslaved people, guaranteed equal protection under the law, and prohibited states from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property without due process

Gideon v. Wainwrigh

Guaranteed the right to legal counsel for criminal defendants in federal and state courts, utilizing the Fourteenth Amendment to apply the Sixth Amendment to the states.

Plessy v. Ferguson

An earlier historical case that initially upheld "separate but equal" segregation under the 14th Amendment