Schizophrenia, Psychosis, Somatic & Dissociative Disorders Practice Flashcards

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering clinical definitions, symptom types, diagnostic criteria, and medication side effects for schizophrenia, psychosis, somatic, and dissociative disorders.

Psychosis

A disconnection with reality caused by disturbances in a client’s thoughts and perceptions, characterized by hallucinations, troubling beliefs, emotional changes, and withdrawal.

Schizophrenia Diagnosis (DSM-V-TR)

Two or more symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic behavior, or negative symptoms) present for a period of $1\,month$ or longer, with continuous disturbance signs for at least $6\,months$.

Positive Symptoms

Excessive or distorted thoughts and perceptions, including hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech.

Negative Symptoms

A lessening or loss of normal functions, including diminished emotional expression, alogia, avolition, and anhedonia.

Hallucinations

Sensory perceptions involving one or more of the senses, usually visual or auditory, occurring without actual external sensory stimuli.

Delusions

Fixed, false beliefs that are erroneous and cannot be changed by reasonable argument.

Grandiose Delusion

A belief that one has special powers, wealth, a specific mission, or a unique identity.

Nihilistic Delusion

A belief that there is no future, that the world is doomed, or that the individual is about to die.

Persecutory Delusion

A belief that one will be harmed or mistreated by others or that others are "out to get" them.

Somatic Delusion

A belief regarding a physical or medical issue affecting the person.

Referential Delusion

A belief that cues, comments, or gestures are specifically directed at the individual.

Thought Insertion

The belief that thoughts are being placed or "implanted" into one's mind.

Magical Delusion

The belief that thoughts, words, or actions can directly impact external events in ways that defy physics and causality.

Alogia

A negative symptom characterized by a lack of speech or short replies; the client tends not to speak unless encouraged.

Neologisms

A type of disorganized speech where the client makes up new words.

Word Salad

A disorganized speech pattern consisting of seemingly random words and phrases.

Echolalia

The repetition of exactly what others say.

Loose Associations

Rapid shifts between topics with no apparent connection between them.

Clanging

A disorganized speech pattern where the client uses rhyming words (e.g., "to bake to cake to make").

Anhedonia

A negative symptom identified by the inability to experience pleasure.

Avolition

A negative symptom characterized by decreased goal-directed behavior.

Paranoid Schizophrenia

A subtype involving delusions of persecution, grandiosity, jealousy, or hallucinations with similar content.

Catatonic Schizophrenia

A subtype characterized by motor immobility, stupor, or extreme negativism.

Orientation Phase

The initial phase of the therapeutic relationship focused on building an alliance, though clients may block it if they do not recognize the need for assistance.

Identification Phase

The phase where the client recognizes their needs and collaborates for recovery; the nurse monitors manifestations and assists in understanding the condition.

Exploitation Phase

The phase where the client takes control of their illness, explores interventions like medications and cognitive therapies, and recognizes triggers.

Resolution Phase

The final phase where requirements for recovery are met, and the client is able to function without live-in support or supervision.

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

A conventional or typical antipsychotic used to reduce positive psychotic symptoms.

Atypical Antipsychotics

A class of medications including Clozapine, Risperidone, and Zyprexa that treat both positive and negative symptoms with a broader spectrum of action.

Agranulocytosis

A dangerous side effect associated with Clozaril (clozapine) involving a severely decreased white blood cell (WBC) count.

Anticholinergic Symptoms

Side effects of antipsychotics including dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision, photosensitivity, and dry eyes.

Acute Dystonic Reactions

Extrapyramidal side effects involving sustained contraction of the muscles of the head, neck, and eyes; treated with Benadryl or Benztropine.

Akathisia

An extrapyramidal side effect characterized by motor restlessness, muscular quivering, and an urge to move constantly.

Tardive Dyskinesia

A neurological syndrome of repetitive, involuntary, purposeless movements such as grimacing, tongue protrusion, lip smacking, and rapid eye blinking.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

A rare, toxic reaction to antipsychotics characterized by decreased LOC, agitation, hyperpyrexia, increased muscle tone, diaphoresis, and elevated CPK.

AIMS (Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale)

A rating scale used to assess facial, oral, extremity, and trunk movements to identify involuntary movement disorders.

Somatization

The exhibition of emotional distress and psychological issues through physical manifestations that cannot be explained medically.

Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)

A disorder involving disproportionate thoughts and feelings about somatic manifestations, present for $6\,months$ or more, causing significant disruption in daily life.

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Formerly called hypochondriasis; characterized by an elevated fear of having or acquiring a disease and obsessing over body functions.

Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder

Also known as Conversion Disorder; severe emotional distress is expressed through neurological symptoms like blindness or paralysis despite negative test results.

Factitious Disorder

The intentional, covert injury to oneself or another to receive the attention of health care workers and occupy the patient role.

Dissociation

A disconnection from one's thoughts, memories, and feelings, often as a result of trauma.

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

A dissociative disorder where the client feels detached from their surroundings or like they are floating out of their body in a dreamlike state.

Dissociative Amnesia

The inability to recall stressful experiences from the past, which may involve specific events or one's entire identity.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

A disorder involving two or more distinct personality states and sudden temporary changes in consciousness.