ITIS Human Centered Computing midterm

3130

Normans Design principal (Affordance)

Perceived and actual properties of a thing.

Natural Mapping

A design in which the system’s controls represent or correspond to the desired outcome.

Normans Design Principals (Natural mapping)

A design in which the system’s controls represent or correspond to the desired outcome.

Norman’s Design Principals (Constraint)

A design limitation that restrict the number of possible actions a user can take.

Normans Design Principal (Signifier)

Perceptible cues so that users can discover what to do.

Following a needfinding study in HCI, a _____, captures who the user is, and a ______, captures what the user is doing and under what circumstances.

persona, scenario

Which of the following technologies is primarily designed to support user tasks rather than influence user behavior?

A calendar app automatically scheduling meetings based on availability

Which of the following option(s) are part of distributed cognition in the cockpit?

• The interaction between the pilot and the air traffic controller

• The interaction between the pilot and the co-pilot

• The auto-pilot system reading latitude and longitude

• The pilot visually assessing the state of the runway at 100 feet elevation

• The co-pilot reading the air speed indicator

The “Invisible Gorilla” experiment demonstrates a limitation of which of the following cognitive aspects?

Attention

Norman defines "interlocks" as a mechanism that forces operations to take place in a proper sequence. Which of the following option(s) is an example of interlocks?

• having to depress the brake pedal when leaving the Park position in automobiles.

• Microwave disconnecting when the door opens during the operation.

• treadmill turning off when it detects that a person has fallen off.

• lawn mower turning off when user releases handle lever.

Standing facing forward in an elevator

Cultural constraint

When a washer is left over from a faucet repair

Logical constraint

The direction of batteries in a device

Physical constraint

How a Lego figure sits facing the windshield on a motorcycle

Semantic constraint

Using red for both error messages and success notifications can harm usability because it violates which of the following visual design principles?

Color Consistency

A user clicks "Submit" on a web form but nothing happens for several seconds. This is an example of Gulf of _______, and specifically, with the following step of the Seven Stages of Action: ________.

evaluation, perceive

Which of the following is an implication of Nielsen's Usability Heuristics User Control and Freedom?

Just like physical spaces, digital spaces need quick "emergency" exits too.

What is the primary goal of heuristic evaluation?

To find usability problems with experts

Severity ratings in heuristic evaluation are based on which aspect(s)?

frequency, impact, market impact, persistence

Which of the following is NOT an error-prevention guideline?

Minimize recognition rather than recall

Which of the following types of interaction is the best choice for repetitive tasks?

Instructing

A video conferencing tool that shows participants’ subtle facial expressions to make conversations feel more “human.”

Social presence

A collaborative document editor that displays what changes are being made in real time.

Situational Awareness

A communication platform that makes users’ availability and activity status visible to everyone.

Social translucence

A remote robot interface that lets a user navigate a distant environment as if they were physically there.

Tele-presence

Normans Design principal (feedback)

Sending back information about what action has been done and what has been accomplished.

Brain-computer

Direct communication pathway between neural activity and a digital system

Augmented virtuality

Real objects are scanned and digitized into virtual environments.

Command-line

Relies on text input to control a system

Shareable

Enables multiple people to interact simultaneously on a shared display

Haptic

Provides tactile feedback through vibration or force

Augmented reality

Virtual objects registered and rendered from the user's perspective over the real-world scene

Tangible

Involves manipulating physical objects that affect digital output

Voice/Speech

Interaction through spoken language

Graphical

Uses windows, icons, and menus

Which of the following is a motivation for inclusive design?

Innovation and creativity, competitive advantage, compliance with accessibility standards, expanded user base, improved user experience.

Con of think-aloud

May disrupt users’ natural task performance

Pro of think-aloud

Captures participants’ thoughts in real time

Pro of stimulated recall

Less likely to interfere with performance during cognitively demanding tasks

Con of stimulated recall

Requires additional time for recording playback and reflection

Universal Design

They redesign the interface so that it is intuitive and usable for as many people as possible without requiring adaptation.

Inclusive Design

They involve students from diverse backgrounds to shape different features based on their unique needs.

Accessibility

They add screen reader compatibility and captions to ensure students with blindness can use the system.

In an observation study, the what effect occurs when people behave differently because they know they are being watched?

Hawthorne