World History Spring Freshman Finals

Why did European nations began to colonize

in order to gain wealth, spread christianity, and increase power

What are positive examples of exchanges between Europe and the Americas

1. New crops to Europe: potatoes, corn, tomatoes

2. New animals to Americas: horses, cattle

3. Increase global trade

What are negative examples of exchanges between Europe and the Americas

1. Spread of diseases like smallpox or Native Americans

2. Enslaved of indigenous people and Africans

3. Destruction of native cultures

How did the exchanges between Europe and America change life in those countries.

1. Europe’s populations increases due to better food supply

2. Native American populations drastically decreased

3. The American’s developed plantation economies

What are the 3 G’s of colonization

Gold, God, and Glory

What are the 3 C’s of colonization

Commerce, Christianity, and Citizenship

What was trades between Europe —> Africa

Manufactured goods (guns, cloth)

What was trades between Africa —> Americas

Transported enslaved Africans

What was trades between Americas —> Europe

Raw materials (sugar, tobacco, cotton)

What are the motivations for the Atlantic Slave Trade

plantation owners needed cheap labour

Why were slaves being used in the Americas

Native populations declined, so Africans were used

What were the conditions on the Middle Passage

• Overcrowding

• Little food and water

• Disease spread quickly

• People were chained

Why was the middle passage dangerous for slaves

• high death rates

• physical abuse

• unsanitary conditions

What were the rights of slaves in the Eastern Slave Trade

• some enslaved people could earn freedom

• had limited rights (marriage, property in some cases)

What rights lead to a different social status for slaves than in the Atlantic Slave Trade

• Higher than in the Atlantic slave trade

• Some could become part of society

Explain how the Eastern Slave trade came to an end

Declined due to political changes and outside pressure

Why European nations were interested in creating colonies in Africa

• Natural resources (gold, rubber, diamonds)

• Expansion of European power

How were borders created in Africa

borders drawn without regard to tribes

How did tribal differences create tension during colonization

Tribal conflicts increased

How did ruling/governing tactics lead to tension during colonization

europeans used indirect/direct rule causing tension

What are the political, economic, and social challenges in Africa after independence

• Political instability

• Weak economies

• Social divisions and conflict

What four countries were once a part of the British Empire

India, Australia, Canada, and South Africa

What were advancements in navigations during the British Empire

improved ships and navigations tools

What were examples of British interaction with its colonies

• controlled colonies politically and economically

• used resources from colonies

What are the positive legacies of the British Empire around the world

Infrastructure (railroads, schools)

What are the negative legacies of the British Empire around the world

• Exploitation

• Loss of culture and independence

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin

Great Britain

What based economy did Europe have before the Industrial revolution

Agriculture-based economy

What based economy did Europe have after the Industrial revolution

Factory-based economy

How does urbanization effect society during the Industrial Revolution

• people moved to cities

• poor working conditions

• child labor

Heliocentric theory

Earth is the center

Geocentric theory

sun is the center

What was Galileo’s ideas

Supported heliocentric theory and conflicted with the Catholic Church

What were Isaac Newton’s contributions to the understanding of the scientific world

• Laws of motion

• Laws of universal gravitation

What were Francis Bacon’s contributions to the understanding of the scientific world

Developed the scientific method

Who are in the first estate

Clergy

Who are in the second estate

nobility

Who are in the third estate

common people

How were the estates unfair

The third estate paid most taxes but had the least amount of power

What are the three factors that inspired the French Revolution

• Enlightenment ideas

• American Revolution

• Economic problems

What are the leasers of the French Revolution

• Louis XVI

• Robespierre

• Napoleon

Explain the Storming of Bastille

Parisians attacked a prison to get weapons, marking the start of the French Revolution

Explain the Great Fear

A period of panic in rural France when peasant feared nobles would attack them, leading to revolts and the destruction of feudal privileges

Explain the Reign of Terror

The government executed thousands of people, including King Louis XVI, to remove enemies of the revolution

How did the different events of the French Revolution represent a time with one was more important than the other

Shift between individual rights and government control

How did the first French Revolution end

• monarchy ended

• Napoleon rose to power

Define imperialism

a country takes control of other lands or countries to gain power, resource, or moneypride and loyalty in your own country, often believing it is better or more important than others

Define nationalism

pride and loyalty in your own country, often believing it is better or more important than others

define militarism

a country builds up and strongly relies on its military, often preparing for war and believe military

define alliances

agreements between countries to help and protect each other, especially during war

How did Imperialism lead to WWI

countries competed for colonies and resources, which caused conflict

How did nationalism lead to WWI

strong pride made countries aggressive and willing to fight

How did militarism lead to WWI

nations built large armies and prepared for war

How did alliances lead to WWI

countries formed groups, so when one went to ear, others were pulled in too

Who was in the triple alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

Who was in the triple entente

Britain, France, Russia

who was in the central powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

who was in the allied powers

Britain, France, Russia, U.S.

Who’s assassination was an immediate cause of WWI

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Who declared war on Serbia which led to their entrance into WWI

Austia-Hungary

Who defended Serbia which led to their entrance into WWI

Russia

Who declared war on Russia and France which led to their entrance into WWI

Germany

Who joined WWI after Belgium was invaded

Britain

What new technology helped in WWI

• Machine guns

• Tanks

• Poison Gas/Gas masks

What are the different parts of trench warefare

Trenches, no man’s land, stalemate

Who was blamed for WWI

Germany

What happened to Germany after WWI

military reduced, land taken, and forced to pay reparations

How were the central powers affected by the treaty of Versailles

they were all weakened

How did WWI affect Europe

economic problems

How did geography change after WWI

new countries formed

How did WWI pave the way for WWII

harsh peace terms and problems in Europe after WWI led to anger and instability that helped cause WWII

How did political instability lead to WWII

Weak governments and chaos after WWI allowed dictators like Hitler to rise to power

How did German aggression lead to WWII

Hitler broke the Treaty of Versailles, rebuilt Germany’s military, and invaded countries

How did other European nations lead to WWII

Many countries followed a policy of appeasement, allowing Hitler to break rules and expand without stopping

What is fascism

A political system where a dictator has total control, individual rights are limited, and the nation is focused on power, unity, and often military strength

Fascism characteristics

Dictator rule, strong nationalism, no opposition, military power, limited freedoms, propaganda

Where did fascism develop in Germany and how

Hitler used WWI anger, economic, and propaganda to take control through the Nazi Party.

Where else did fascism develop prior WWII

Italy under Benito Mussolini, who used nationalism, propaganda, and dictatorship to gain total control

Which countries were in the Axis

Germany, Italy and Japan

Which countries where is the Allies Powers

U.S., Britain, and USSR

What were Germany’s tactics during WWII

Blitzkrieg (fast attacks)

Explain Battle of Britain

An air battle where Britain’s Royal Air Force defended the UK against large-scale attacks by nazi Germany’s air force, preventing invasion

Explain Operation Barbarossa

Nazi Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union, which broke their non-aggression pact and opened a huge Eastern Front in WWII

Explain D-Day

Allied forces landed on the beached of Normandy, France, launching major invasion that helped begin in liberation of Western Europe from Nazi control

Explain Battle of Bulge

Germany’s last major attack in WWII on Western Front, which failed and weakened German forces, helping Allies move toward victoryWha

What was the turning point in Pacific theater

Battle of Midway

How did the war in Europe end

Germany surrendered

How did the war in Pacific end

Japan surrendered after atomic bombs

How were Gulags used in Societ Union

forced labor in USSR

How are war crimes punished at the end of the war

War crimes punished in trials

What happened on September 11, 2001

• Terrorist hijacked planes

• Attacked Twin Towers and Pentagon

How did 9/11 change the lives of people around the world

• increased security

• war on Terror Began

How did the U.S. reacted to this event

Military action in Middle East

What areas had been the center of focus during the War on Terror

Afghanistan and Iraq

What are the major effects of the war on the world during the war on terror

long-lasting global conflict

How is the war on terror different from other wars

it targeted terrorist groups, not countries

How did the Arab Spring movement play a role in helping create a situation in Syria

inspired protests in syria, which were met with force and led to civil war

How did the governments response to early events during the Syrian civl war play a role in making the situation worse

governments violence escalated conflict

How was the ISIS created

grew out of instability in Iraq/Syria