319 Exam 8 - Male Reproductive Disorders

cryptorchidism can cause:

a. lower than normal sperm development

b. infants diapers to be wet in places they shouldn't be

c. erectile dysfunction

d. peyronie's disease

a. lower than normal sperm development

true or false: descent of testes should occur by 1 year of age or must be surgically corrected

true

epispadius/hypospadius can cause:

a. lower than normal sperm development

b. infants diapers to be wet in places they shouldn't be

c. erectile dysfunction

d. peyronie's disease

b. infants diapers to be wet in places they shouldn't be

(testicular/prostate) cancer is more common in younger males

testicular

(testicular/prostate) cancer is more common in older males

prostate

true or false: infertility is primarily due to female structural abnormalities and conditions such as PCOS

false - it is 50-50 split between male and female

vasodilation within erectile tissue occurs with the help of:

a. oxygen

b. testosterone

c. nitrous oxide

d. seminal fluid

c. nitrous oxide

(oligospermia/azoospermia) is a non-obstructive cause of male infertility in which there is a very small amount of viable sperm produced that won't survive distance traveled to the egg

oligospermia

(oligospermia/azoospermia) is a non-obstructive cause of male infertility in which there is no sperm produced

azoospermia

true or false: certain drugs and treatment such as chemotherapy can cause infertility problems

true - the drugs target rapidly dividing cells, including gametes

(phimosis/priapism) is over constriction of the foreskin preventing a complete erection and posing hygiene concerns

phimosis

(phimosis/priapism) is an abnormally prolonged erection that can become a medical emergency due to hemostasis increasing risk of ischemia

priapism

true or false: sickle cell crisis can trigger priapism

true - when the cells sickle they can clot and cause blood to pool resulting in a prolonged erection

a priapism is an erection lasting longer than _____ hours

four

what is typically the first indicator of infection within the reproductive system?

a. lesions

b. pain

c. discharge

d. swelling

b. pain

___________ is the term associated with the wart-like lesions that present in patients with syphilis or HPV infections

chondyloma

precocious puberty in males is the development of secondary sex characteristics before age _______; can cause reduced adult height due to premature closure of growth plates

9

delayed puberty in males is the absence of testicular development by age _______, often related to hormonal disruption

14

alpha-fetoprotein and B-hCG markers will be elevated in patients with:

a. klinefelters syndrome

b. testicular torsion

c. BPH

d. testicular cancer

d. testicular cancer

in males over 50 with suspected BPH, what diagnostic test may be run?

a. tissue biopsy

b. urine flow study

c. semen analysis

d. karyotype

b. urine flow study

true or false: benign prostatic hyperplasia is excessive growth of the prostate due to abnormal cells that rapidly divide and metastasize

false - there is an increase in cell size, not cell number

a 70 year old male comes in complaining of urinary frequency with inability to completely empty his bladder. A PSA is completed to rule out prostate cancer. What is most likely his diagnosis?

a. testicular cancer

b. benign prostatic hyperplasia

c. erectile dysfunction

d. testicular torsion

b. benign prostatic hyperplasia

which drug class used to treat BPH is not to be handled by pregnant women due to risk of severe birth defects?

a. phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors

b. anabolic steroid hormones

c. prostaglandin alprostadil

d. 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors

d. 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors require being taken for ___________ before full benefit is achieved

6-12 months

which drug class to treat BPH is absolutely contraindicated in patients taking nitrates due to risk of severe hypotension?

a. phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors

b. anabolic steroid hormones

c. prostaglandin alprostadil

d. 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors

a. phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors

Sildenafil (Viagra) and Tadalafil (Cialis) enhance the effects of nitric oxide to increase vasodilation in patients experiencing erectile dysfunction. They belong to which class of drugs?

a. phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors

b. anabolic steroid hormones

c. prostaglandin alprostadil

d. 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors

a. phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors

while there is no universally accepted testosterone level, low testosterone syndrome is generally levels under _________ nanomole/L with at least 3 sexual symptoms

11.1

____________ is a medical emergency in which the spermatic chord twists and obstructs blood flow to the testes

a. testicular cancer

b. benign prostatic hyperplasia

c. erectile dysfunction

d. testicular torsion

d. testicular torsion

surgical correction of testicular torsion must be done within ______ hours of injury to decrease chances of complications

6

true or false: testicular cancer has high cure rate due to relatively low vasculature in the area making metastasis difficult

true

risk of testicular cancer increases with what condition?

a. BPH

b. testicular torsion

c. cryptorchidism

d. hypospadias

c. cryptorchidism

___________ is dilation of the veins within the scrotum leading to scrotal heaviness and a "bag of worms" sensation

a. variocele

b. hydrocele

c. hematocele

d. torocele

a. variocele

___________ is a collection of serous fluid in the scrotum leading to swelling and heaviness

a. variocele

b. hydrocele

c. hematocele

d. torocele

b. hydrocele

_________ is a collection of blood in the scrotum that often follows trauma or infection

a. variocele

b. hydrocele

c. hematocele

d. torocele

c. hematocele

which of the following alterations in scrotum anatomy requires surgical repair?

a. variocele

b. hydrocele

c. hematocele

d. torocele

a. variocele

____________ are the substance responsible for growth and development of male sex organs and maintenance of secondary male characteristics

a. phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors

b. anabolic steroid hormones

c. prostaglandin alprostadil

d. 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors

b. anabolic steroid hormones

true or false: danazol, an anabolic steroid, is not to be used long-term

true

what is an important teaching point for topical anabolic steroids?

a. apply to clean skin and allow to air dry for full effect

b. shave area of application to allow penetration into skin

c. cover areas of application to prevent spreading to unwanted locations

d. apply near the chest for systemic effects

c. cover areas of application to prevent spreading to unwanted locations

true or false: adverse effects of androgens such as gynecomastia, irritability, and sleep disorders make patient compliance difficult

false - adverse effects are typically only seen with use for the wrong reasons or for too long

(prostaglandin alprostadil/PDE-5 inhibitors) are used for their longer lasting effects in patients with erectile dysfunction

PDE-5 inhibitors

(prostaglandin alprostadil/PDE-5 inhibitors) act locally with a fast onset to prevent erectile dysfunction but do not last as long

prostaglandin alprostadil

which drug class is never to be mixed with PDE-5 receptor inhibitors?

a. diuretics

b. antihypertensives

c. CNS stimulants

d. analgesics

b. antihypertensives