World Civ II unit test 2

ch 18,19,20,21

what view of the world was overthrown about the solar system?

heliocentric overtook Ptolemaic

what was Descartes main idea was:

separation of mind and matter

name of thought that mind & matter were separate?

Cartesian dualism

Who was the father of rationalism

Renee Descartes

What was rationalism

using only reason, one could understand the world of nature, and human reason is chief knowledge source

what did Montesquieu study in Enlightenment period?

the three main gov types, and separation of power

what did Voltaire study in Enlightenment period?

invented Deism: a non-interfering creator

what did Diderot study in Enlightenment period?

contributed/edited to Encyclopedia

Laissez-faire gov is:

gov shouldn’t interfere in markets bc they’ll self-regulate

Jean-Rousseau thoughts on education

believed in natural development

Rousseau thoughts on society

that it can be goverened by its general will

what did seven years war lead to?

war costs led to revolutions in North America and France

what is Enlightened absolutism

absolute monarchy where ruler follows Englightnment principles

nationalism define:

where one’s political loyalty life’s in the national community of shared institutions/traditions/costumes

what did the contenintal system attempt to do to britain?

bar Britain from inporting goods to weaken its economy

how did Napoleon Bonaparte gain control of France?

He joined a Coup, and made consul

when did Napoleon crown himself Emperor Napoleon I?

1804

When did industrial revolution begin in Britain?

1750

define Marxism

marx ideas for class struggle & proletariot will eventually overthrow bourgeoisie to establish a classless society

Socialism definition

collective/gov owning means of production & distributing goods

define revisionism

argued workers should bring change through being in political parties

conservatism definition

traditional thought, favored authority and organized religion

revolutionary socialism definition

violence is only way to get socialism

who founded realpolitik?

Otto von Bismark

what was realpolitik?

“politics of reality” no concern for ethics, but power

what ‘compromise’ created a dual Austria-Hungary monarchy?

Ausgleich

Who was Robert Owen?

a British cottom manufactotor and utopian socialist

what was a Utopian socialist beliefs"?

wanted to replace private property with collective ownership & cooperation

During the Industrial Revolution, who was the leading power?

Great Britian

what did the 2nd Industrial revolution focus on for industries?

steel, electricity, communication

what were the main industries focused on in Industrial Revolution

textile, iron, steam engine

which was the leading power in the 2nd Industrial Revolution?

Germany

causes for crimean war?

dispute over Christains & sacred Palestine sites between Ottoman Empire & Russia. Fear of Russian expanse by France & Britain

Who won Crimean War?

Britain & France

what was the Second Republic of France?

a constitution where the Constituent Assembly could restrict voting, allowed for voting of a president

how did Napoleon III extend his power?

staging a coup d’etat which reduced the assembly’s power

what ended the Second Republic?

when Napoleon III declared himself emperor

who was the Second Republic’s president?

Louis-Napoleon III

Johannes Kepler added what to astronomy?

orbits of planets around sun were elliptical

Nicolaus Copernicus founded what thought?

Heliocentric theory, also thought moon went around earth

Galileo Galilei published what work about the universe?

The Starry Messenger

what was the addition Galileo made astronomy?

made telescope

what concept did Newton come up with about the universe?

World-Machine

what was world-machine concept?

universe is one regulated and uniform machine operating according to natural laws

what challenged the monarchal structure of Latin america?

Enlightenment ideas & Napoleon upheaval of France

what did the lower class experience in later 1800s for Western world?

mass society, right to vote, new schools, transportation, new work schedules

factors for US Civil War?

opinions on slavery and questioning if new states in the Union were free/slave states

In Civil War, what were the new republican ideas?

Antislavery

what happened in Austro-Prussian war?

Italy became new ally to Prussia

What led to the Austro-Prussian war?

Otto Bismarck wanting to unify Germany under Prussia, to the point he provoked Austria to war

Franco Prussian war causes

also Bismarcks fault, but also France’s fear of Spanish-Prussian alliance

Franco-Prussian war results?

France withdrew, German unification

who invented telephone?

Alexander Graham bell

who sent first radio wave across Atlantic

Gugliemo Marconi

what was Mass Society?

where the majority-lower class- play bigger role

what happened to Canada during 19th century

Canada came under parliament system under GB

What did Romanticism stress?

feelings/imagination/love of nature/nostalgia

what category does Gothic lit. fall under?

Romanticism

what did realism stress?

the ordinary things of life, accuracy

what did Chamberlain propagate?

racism, that Germans were Aryan successors

who was the father of zionism

Theodor Herzl

what is Zionism

establishment of jewish state/sanctuary in palestine

Modernism stressed importance of?

art shouldn’t interpret society, it functions on its own

what were art styles that emerged from Modernism?

Impressionism/Cubism

Functionalism main thought was?

the design and materials of an object are object to its function

by the beginning of the 1900s, what happened to Africa and SE Asia

they were under a form of colonial rule

How did Europe nations view Asia/Africa?

sources of raw materials & new markets to sell manufactured goods

what is Imperialism?

extending a nations power by conquest or direct/indirect authority

Another factor for african colonization?

new markets, missionary work, raw materials

what was indirect rule of a colony?

when a local political position is kept due to cooperation with a foreign power