KINE 223 (Fall 2018) All Quiz Answers TAMU

This gene is associated with how the brain regulates appetite.

FTO Gene

If fat stores fall below the "set" point, then the body responds by decreasing appetite.

False

Previous research has shown that the conditions under which one eats may be more important than what one eats

True

Based on the accumulation of favorable epidemiology, clinical trials, and evidence of palatability, this type of diet is termed as "best-practice" long-term intervention for healthful eating.

Plant-based Mediterranean diet

Accumulation of _____________ fat is considered to enhance health risk, perhaps due to increases in blood _____________ and because of increased load on the heart.

Visceral, pressure

The ________________ Theory postulates that the body regulates metabolism in order to maintain a certain weight, similar to how a thermostat regulates temperature.

Set-Point

Fat cells do more than just store fat. These fat cells also act as a hormone-secreting organ, which can mediate the following function(s)

Inflammation

B.

Insulin regulation

C.

Appetite regulation

Studies on "Blue Zones" have found that all of the following have a positive influence on longevity EXCEPT:

Separating from the cultural norms

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have determined that ___________ is the single largest factor affecting longevity of life.

Lifestyle

____________age is our true age in years, but ________age can be different depending on our lifestyle choices. ___________ can be younger than chronological age with good nutrition, adequate rest on a regular basis, effective stress-management, and consistent exercise.

Chronological, biological, Biological

Based on Alanna Shaikh's TED Talk, which of the following is a good way to prepare for Alzheimer's disease?

Practice hands-on, open-ended activities that you enjoy

Which of the following are NOT part of Dan Buettner's Power 9? Mark all that apply.

They visit the gym most days of the week

E.

They abstain from alcohol and drugs

Through efforts like the Blue Zones Vitality Project, organizers are trying to get more communities to: Mark all that apply.

A.

Have a movement-friendly built environment

B.

Compete in healthy family contests

C.

Modify behaviors for healthy outcomes

D.

Have a higher quality of life

According to Hupin's 2015 meta-analysis study, just 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity a day can reduce risk of all-cause mortality.

False

Citizens of Albert Lea, Minnesota lost an average of 2.6 pounds and increased life expectancy by 3.1 years because they set weight loss goals.

False

What did the Wellbeing Index measure?

Personal perception of well-being

Epigenetic changes are part of normal development.

True

__________ is the study of functional changes in the genome that do not result in actual changes in DNA's sequence.

Epigenetics

According to the National Institute on Aging, do antioxidants slow the aging process in human subjects?

We do not know, more epidemiological studies on the subject are recommended.

Which of the following is/are major findings from the 90+ study?

Smokers died earlier than nonsmokers

B.

As you age, it's better to maintain or gain weight

Which statement best describes the relationship between telomeres and lifestyle?

Lifestyle choices such as obesity, chronic stress, smoking, and sedentary living have been associated with shortened telomeres.

Immunosenescence is a term used to describe loss of __________ functions in people 65 years and older.

immune

A study at the University of Southampton recently published in the journal Brain indicates that ___________ in the brain likely drives Alzheimer's.

Inflammation

Which of the following have been shown to impact inflammation in the body?

A.

Diet Choices

B.

All answer choices are correct

C.

activity level

D.

Sleep quality and quantity

E.

Omega-3 fatty acids

A social support network can include which of the following:

A.

Friends

C.

A sense of community

D.

Family

A catalyst for creating new neurons, BDNF has been shown to be decreased in Alzheimer's patients.

True

The FITT principle stands for Frequency, Intensity, Trend and Type.

False

Heart rate becomes elevated during exercise because of the increase in demand for _______________ in the muscle tissues.

Oxygen

Which of the following are potential benefits that have been documented when aerobic fitness levels increase?

B.

Improved sleep patterns

C.

Reduction in depression

D.

Decrease in % Body Fat

E.

Increased cognitive abilities

Methods to monitor cardiovascular intensity include: (mark all that apply)

measuring heart rate, conversing with your training partner, evaluating the intensity subjectively (i.e. Borg scale)

Which of the following are Components of an Exercise Session?

stretch, warm-up, optional dynamic stretching, activity, cool-down

What does Q stand for in the equation Q = SV x HR?

Cardiac Output

Which of the following is a way to measure Intensity?

measuring ones heart rate

____________ exercise utilizes primarily oxygen to supply the body with energy to support performance over a long period of time.

Aerobic

When developing a HIIT program which of the following should you consider?

Duration

Intensity

Length of Recovery Intervals

Intensity Range Greater than 80%

For those who are overweight or obese, a loss of 5-10 percent of body weight can have a significant impact on ________________ and overall health risk.

body composition

Fat used for energy is drawn from

C.

Intramuscular stores of triglycerides

D.

Subcutaneous adipose tissue

The slow phase of EPOC may last 24 hours or longer, depending on the magnitude of tissue stimulation (repair and adaptation) and the amount of recovery needed, and includes: (Mark all that apply)

A.

Continued thermoregulation

B.

Residual effects of circulating sympathetic hormones (e.g. catecholamines)

C.

Removing an accumulated carbon dioxide remaining within body tissues

D.

Increased heart rate and ventilator demand for anabolic processes

E.

Increased metabolism due to tissue repair and synthesis, and glycogen synthesis

The concept of periodization can be applied

A.

Daily

B.

Weekly

C.

Yearly

D.

Monthly

The ________________ quotient is calculated by dividing the amount of CO2 created and O2 utilized at rest or during exercise. This value indicates the relative contributions of fat and carbohydrate to total energy expenditure.

respiratory

The philosophy of periodization only applies to sport-specific athletes.

false

Under ordinary circumstances, EPOC contributes __________ to overall energy expenditure.

Minimally

What is the most important aspect in identifying a training program for an endurance athlete?

Plan ahead

For long-term cardiovascular health it is important to select a variety of activities that sufficiently stimulate the: (Mark all that apply)

A.

Muscles

C.

Heart

D.

Lungs

The "fat burning zone" is equivalent to:

Moderate-vigorous exercise intensity

What do muscles use as the primary energy source for contraction?

glycogen

_______________ moves a body part through a range of motion in a controlled manner.

Dynamic stretching

Hyponatremia is caused by ____________.

over-hydration AND low sodium concentration

______________ requires isometric resistance against a partner using the muscle groups surrounding a particular joint, causing contraction, and then relaxing the same muscle group.

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

_____________ is the first warning of dehydration.

Dry mouth

Which of the following training techniques mimics how people move in their daily lives?

Functional training

Moderate exercise can enhance the immune system.

true

The stress level of the exercise is the:

intensity

Benefits of regular exercise outweigh the risk of injury.

true

What is flexibility?

The range of motion around a joint

__________ evidence suggests that stretching before an athletic competition prevents soreness.

very little

Over-stretching can _______ a muscle for up to 30 minutes.

weaken

Susie, a previously inactive 65 year old, begins resistance training. She can achieve the same benefits of increased size and strength as her active 20 year old niece

true

A decrease in muscle mass is also known as __________________.

Sarcopenia

Extreme flexibility can increase the risk of injury by:

A.

Increase pain-free stretching

B.

Decrease an individualÕs perception of when to stop pushing in an exercise or stretch

Identify the body's main fuel source. The recommended intake is 45-65% of daily calories.

carbohydrates

What nutrient intake is essential in the prevention of heat related injuries?

water

Nutrients responsible for metabolism, growth, and cellular development:

micronutrients

Ingredients on a nutrition label are listed:

from heaviest to lightest

The flexitarian diet:

A.

Is pro-plant based

B.

Offers many of the same benefits as a vegetarian lifestyle

Fats primarily derived from plant products:

unsaturated fats

A ____________ is a true vegetarian.

vegan

Functional foods:

A.

are considered basic nutrition

B.

have been consumed for decades

C.

can greatly impact a person's overall health

D.

have been credited with decreasing a person's risk for canceR

There are NO forbidden foods in a flexitarian diet.

True

The recommended daily caloric intake of fats should not exceed:

35%

Numerous surveys have been conducted over the past decade, discovering consumer self-care trends. What have these studies found?

More consumers are taking greater responsibility for their own health and well being

____________ are foods that have benefits that go above and beyond basic nutrition

Functional Foods

Calcium, which may reduce the risk of osteoporosis, can be found in what food source?

Spinach

This prebiotic found in whole grains, onions, some fruits, garlic, and honey, may improve gastrointestinal health and calcium absorption

Inulin

According to the Department of Health and Human Services, __________ plays a role in 5 of 10 of the leading causes of death, including coronary heart disease, certain types of cancer, stroke, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis.

Diet

What law is considered the most important and controversial change in functional food regulations?

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)

Lutein, which may contribute to maintenance of healthy vision, falls into what classification of functional foods?

Carotenoids

According to epidemiological trials, which of the following is a potential health benefit of green tea?

reduces risks of some types of cancer

Sulforaphane, which may enhance detoxification of undesirable compounds, can be found in what food source?

Cabbage

______________ do not provide the body with energy, but allow the energy from consumed carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to be released.

Vitamins

Which of the following is NOT a tip for being a healthy eater?

Eat more saturated fat than monounsaturated fat.

All of the following contribute to a person being overweight EXCEPT:

Proper footwear

Many past participants of The Biggest Loser reality show have gained back weight in varying amounts. The biggest reason they are not maintaining their weight loss is that they stop exercising.

False

What cue should we listen to when determining when to eat?

hunger

According to Joe Bass of Northwestern, future research in the science of weight management may trigger the development of medications which may help a patient safely lower weight in a clinical setting.

True

What are the largest stores of energy in the body and require oxygen to be broken down?

Fats

_______________ is the most complex energy system and used in endurance activities.

Aerobic System

____________ is a series of chemical reactions that take place inside our bodies to sustain life.

Metabolism

Digestion is an example of a(n)________________ pathway.

Catabolic

Why does ones breathing rate increase during exercise?

Muscle cells need more oxygen

During a 1 minute exercise, Joe Aggie is experiencing a decrease in muscle force production and exercise intensity. What could be happening to Joe's muscles?

Anaerobic glycolysis leading to acidosis

Proteins from food are broken into _______________, which our cells absorb.

Amino Acids

__________ are a form of regulation, and tell the body whether it should be in a catabolic or anabolic state.

Triglycerides

Liver cells can burn or process just about any type of nutrient.

True

The breakdown of food molecules for energy is called:

Cellular Respiration

Methods for transmitting HIV include all the following EXCEPT

Kissing

Using two barrier methods of contraception together can _______ the effectiveness.

increase

A short-term decrease in bone mass is a disadvantage of injectable progestin.

true

Which of the following Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are generally NOT considered to be curable:

Viral

In women, a ______ test can detect early-stage HPV-caused cervical cancer.

Pap