Labor Movements

Fredrick Taylor/scientific management

Taylor invented scientific management which is scientific approach to making work more efficient

"Yellow-dog" contracts

contracts that forbid workers from forming unions as a pre-condition of working

The "Molly Maguires"

Irish activist group that protested for better wages/hours/conditions for coal workers, etc

National Labor Union (1866)

first national labor federation in the U.S., paved the way for KoL, AFL, etc

The Great Railroad Strike (1877)

began in WV when WV workers received a pay cut and protested

Knights of Labor

labor movement group advocating for 8 hr days, skilled + unskilled workers, dissolved after Haymarket Square Riot

American Federation of Labor/Samuel L. Gompers

Gompers founded the AFL, a labor movement federation that only supported skilled workers

Panic of 1873

Jay Cookes railroad firm bankrupted and caused other companies to bankrupt, big economic dip

Terence V. Powderly

leader of the Knights of Labor after Uriah Stevens stepped down

Industrialization

development of industries on a national scale, a region becoming economically dependent on factories instead of agriculture

Urbanization

the mass movement of people to cities and urban centers

Tenement housing

poor housing for the working class, terribly manufactured and maintained

Haymarket Affair (1886)

Knights of Labor and anarchists both in the crowd, someone throws a bomb, 11 people die

Homestead Steel Strike (1892)

Carnegies Homestead Steel workers strike and it culminates in a gun battle

Pullman Strike (1894)

Pullman sleeping car company in Chicago, grew into national railroad strike involving American Railway Union + Pullman Company, federal government

Eugene V. Debs

presidential candidate for Socialist Party of America five times, helped found American Railway Union

George Pullman

Inventor of the Pullman sleeping car in 1864

American Railway Union

company founded by Eugene V. Debs, won Great Railroad Strike, one of the first and largest unions of its time

Asa Phillip Randolph

founded Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, first successful African American led union

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

Founded in 1925

Anthracite Coal Strike (1902)

strike by United Mine Workers of America, higher wages/shorter days, almost shut down major fuel supply in winter to US homes

The Ludlow Massacre

military strike on coal workers and their families to stop unionizing efforts

Henry Clay Frick

Went into business with Carnegie and had his own business H.C Frick Coke

"Muckrakers"

reform minded writers, journalists, photographers in the Progressive Era, pre-World War 1 reform, expose writing

Upton Sinclair (The Jungle)

Created the "muckraking"type of journalism and wrote a novel which talked about unsanitary conditions in the meat packing industry

Womens Christian Temperance Union

influential womens union for temperance

Anti-Saloon League

Organization lobbying for prohibition during the nationwide ban on alcohol and was prominant in enforcing the 18th amendment