Nationalism in India: Quick Review Notes (copy)

Modern Nationalism

A political ideology tied to the anti-colonial movement, uniting diverse social groups based on shared oppression.

Congress

The political organization in India led by Mahatma Gandhi that aimed to unify diverse groups into a national movement.

Satyagraha

A method of non-violent mass agitation based on truth and non-violence, developed by Mahatma Gandhi.

Rowlatt Act

A 1919 law allowing the government to detain political prisoners without trial for two years.

Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre

An event on April 13, 1919, where General Dyer opened fire on a peaceful gathering, leading to brutal repression.

Khilafat Movement

A campaign aimed at uniting Hindus and Muslims by defending the Ottoman Khalifa's temporal powers.

Simon Commission

A 1928 all-British commission sent to India, which faced opposition from Indians with the slogan 'Go back Simon'.

Purna Swaraj

The formal demand for 'Full Independence' adopted at the Lahore Congress in December 1929.

Salt March

Gandhi's 1930 march to Dandi to protest the salt law, marking the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

The Quit India Movement

A 1942 movement initiated by the Congress, demanding an end to British rule in India.

Dharma

A term used by Gandhi referring to the moral path of truth and non-violence in Satyagraha.

Chauri Chaura Incident

A violent event in February 1922 that led Gandhi to call off the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Begar

Forced labor that was a significant issue facing peasants during the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Patidars and Jats

Rich peasant communities in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh, respectively, who participated in the nationalist movement.

FICCI

Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries, formed in 1927 to support the nationalist movement.

Poona Pact

An agreement in 1932 that secured reserved seats for Dalits within the general electorate.

Bharat Mata

A symbolic representation of the nation associated with the hymn 'Vande Mataram' and an iconic painting.

Swaraj Flag

A tricolour flag featuring red, green, and white along with a spinning wheel, created in 1921.

Influenza Epidemic

A deadly outbreak in 1918-19 that, combined with crop failures, led to the deaths of millions.

Do or Die Speech

Gandhi's famous speech delivered during the Quit India Movement, urging people to take action against British rule.