Most Important Amendments to Know for AP Gov (AP) (copy)

1st Amendment

Protects freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.

4th Amendment

Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures; requires warrants based on probable cause.

5th Amendment

Provides for due process, prohibits double jeopardy, and protects against self-incrimination and takings.

6th Amendment

Guarantees rights related to criminal prosecutions: speedy trial, public trial, impartial jury, and counsel.

14th Amendment

Ensures citizenship, due process, equal protection under the law; serves as a primary means for incorporation of Bill of Rights to the states.

15th Amendment

Prohibits the denial of voting rights based on race.

19th Amendment

Grants women the right to vote.

24th Amendment

Prohibits poll taxes in federal elections.

26th Amendment

Lowers the voting age to 18.

Due Process Clause

Part of the 14th Amendment; prevents states from depriving individuals of life, liberty, or property without due process.

Equal Protection Clause

Part of the 14th Amendment; mandates that individuals in similar situations be treated equally by the law.

Selective Incorporation

The process by which most of the Bill of Rights has been applied to the states through the 14th Amendment.

Strict Scrutiny

The highest standard of judicial review, applied to racial classifications and fundamental rights; requires a compelling government interest.

Intermediate Scrutiny

A standard of review applied to gender classifications; requires an important government interest.

Rational Basis

The lowest standard of review that requires the government to show a legitimate interest for laws that classify individuals.

8th amendment

Prevents the government from allowing cruel or unusual punishment.

9th amendment

Enumeration: states that rights not explicitly stated in the Bill of Rights does not mean that they are not protected.

2nd amendment

The right to bear arms

3rd amendment

The government cannot force quartering of soldiers without civilan consent.