Brain and Behavior State quiz

Substantial depolarization of a neuron's cell membrane can cause what?

Action potentials

What is the primary function of an axon?

It transmits signals through action potentials

An action potential is transmitted down the ____ of a neuron

Axon

White matter contains lots of _____

myelinated axons

A neuron with a myelinated axon transmits____ than an un-myelinated neuron

action potentials faster

What is the primary function of the axon hillock?

excitatory and inhibitory signals are "summed up" to determine whether a neuron fires or not

what does myelin do?

it insulates axons to speed up action potentials

the cell body of a neuron is also called the ____

soma

what does a dendrite do?

it receives signals from other neurons

hyper-polarization of a neuron cell membrane does what?

inhibits the cell (prevents action potentials)

______transmits info from one neuron to another neuron

neurotransmitters

which of the following is a major emotional center of the brain?

amygdala

The inactive period between action potentials is (the) ___

refractory period

neurotransmitters are often stored in ____

synaptic vesicles

polarization and hyperpolarization of a neuron are caused by the movement of ____

ions/charged particles

the junction of an axon and a dendrite is called a ____

synapse

which area is responsible for many aspects of learning and memory?

the hippocampus

vision is primarily processed in the ____

occipital cortex

Neurotransmitters are released into the ____

synaptic cleft

the resting potential of a neuron is _____

negative

sound is primarily processed in the_____

temporal cortex

the _____ is the site where the presynaptic and postsynaptic cells meet

synapse

____is the fatty material that insulates axons.

myelin

speech function is ___

usually located in the left temporal lobe

the ___sends releasing hormones to the _____, which releases tropic hormones.

hypothalamus; pituitary gland

the substantia nigra of the midbrain is important for ____

regulating movement

the ____and _____ are 2 main divisions of the autonomic nervous system

sympathetic; parasympathetic

the ____ releases tropic hormones, which affect ____ throughout the body.

pituitary gland; endocrine organs

Parkinson's disease results from a depletion of ____

dopamine

damage to ____ or ____ can result in aphasia

Broca's area; Wernicke's area

unconscious and involuntary actions are part of the ____

Autonomic nervous system

the ____ is the "master control" gland of the body

pituitary gland

activation of the left motor cortex results in movements of ____

the right side of the body

____ results from a degeneration of myelin

multiple sclerosis

The____ is important for working memory and planning and is often disrupted in schizophrenia

pre frontal cortex

the ____ is responsible for voluntary movement

motor cortex

The somatic nervous system is important for ____

sensations and movements of the body

The____ is a major center for learning and memory

hippocampus

Touch sensations are processed in the _____

somatosensory cortex

Neurotransmitters affect a postsynaptic cell when they ____

bind to a membrane receptor

The _____ is activated by taste and smell

insular cortex

The____ controls many instinctual and autonomic functions (hunger and thirst)

hypothalamus

A membrane receptor can be blocked by_____

receptor antagonists

____is/are present in the nucleus of the cell

genes/DNA

The cerebellum is important for____

body posture and balance

Touch sensations enter the spinal cord via the ___

dorsal root

Signals are usually received by the ____of the postsynaptic cell

dendrites

The____ is a bundle of white matter connecting the hemispheres of the brain.

Corpus callosum

The two main types of cell in the CNS are ___and ____.

neurons and glia

The endocrine system is responsible for the release and regulation of ___

hormones