Painting test

direct painting (1st method)

can be wet on wet or wet on dry.

not made of distinct layers

alla prima

Italian- all at once

type of direct painting

completed in 1 sitting or final appearance is done in one application

indirect painting

a combination of layers of paint in the final surface of the painting

completed through glazing

glazing

putting translucent films of color over a dry underlayer of oil or tempera

pigment

a powdered coloring agent, a component of paint from plants, animal, mineral, or chemical sources

binder

mixes w the pigment to hold the pigment particles together w/o dissolving them.

include egg yolk, wax, glue, drying oils, acrylic mediums

key component of paint

vehicle

the paint component that spreads the paint

medium

refers to the binder or the binder & vehicle added to facilitate pigment application, often used w oils

often emulsions

emulsion

a mixture of 2 liquids, one is present as a fine dispersion of small droplets distributed throughout the other, an unmixable liquid held in another liquid

palette

a thin board/slab used for holding and mixing colors, refers to the range of colors an artists uses

scumbling

the technique of applying a thin layer of wet opaque color over a dry underlayer so that seen together, the layers usually produce a softened effect or a color change.

always a residue of the underlayer is seen. usually a light color is placed over a dark one

impasto

paint applied thickly.

technique can be used w/ direct or indirect painting.

applied w a palette knife, pastry extruder, or a loaded brush

dry brush

a technique w opposite of the loaded brush used for impasto.

uses very little paint on it & is dragged across the surface, especially one w texture & leaves uneven deposits of color, broken brush strokes & rich tonal/textural effects

ground

the smooth prepared surface of a support to which paint is applied

not the support as much as a “coat” of gesso on a support

priming is another word for preparing the surface or ground

watercolor

consists of pigments suspended in a solution of water & gum arabic

gouache

is opaque watercolors that include a small amount of chalk pwdr & more gum arabic

the thicker quality of gouache make it easier to control than regular watercolor

wash

term used w inner ink or watercolors, which flow freely to produce thin , transparent layer of paint

tempera

water soluble paints w binders of egg, glue, or case in emulsion (egg is most common)

oil paint

paint prepared by grinding pigment powder w linseed oil. oils dry slowly

acrylics

pigments suspended in acrylic polymer medium.

acrylic dry quickly

lend themselves toto direct painting (alla prima)

resists weather and can be placed outside

encaustic

pigments suspended in hot beeswax results in a lustrous surface

fayum

and Egyptian center for encaustic paintings for mummy portraits during the roman rule during the 2nd century

fresco or buon fresco

an ancient wall or ceiling painting technique in which very finely ground pigments suspended in water applied to a damp lime-plaster wall

a square yard would be about one day’s labor

secco fresco

dry fresco is done on a finished , dried lime-plaster

mural

a wall painting