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Reasons for a boom in Weimar culture
Weimar Golden Age 1924 - 1929 gave rise to a middle class with far more disposable income and leisure time
German states increased funding for art and culture
No more censorship as was the case in Imperial Germany
Commercialisation of Mass Culture: culture consumed by the masses begins to focus on profitability (eg.: Cinema funded by companies)
This also meant that ‘trashy’, cheesy culture like romance novellas and films were popular among the masses
Bauhaus movement
Artistic and architectural movement
stresses the beauty of simplistic line and careful craftmanship
Pioneered by Walter Gropius
Neue Sachlichkeit
New objectivity
Pushback against the romantisation of the world by expressionism
The world should be shown in its harsh reality including suffering and poverty
Modernism
The idea that art shouldn’t have to constantly look back on the past
Key Artists
Otto Dix: paints expressionist paintings critical of Weimar society
George Grosz: paints scenes of ordinary lives in impressionist style
Erich Mendelsohn: architect who built the Einstein Tower
Erich Remarque: author of All Quiet on the Western Front
Developments in Film
in 1919, there are 2800 cinemas in Germany
by 1928, there are 5300 cinemas
German films were very innovative for their time
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari: one of the first horror films
Metropolis: Sci-Fi film in 1929
The most popular films at the time are trashy romance novels
Pushback to changes in the arts
Communists: denounce any art that isn’t ‘for the workers, by the workers’
Nationalist: believe that these changes are a corruption of traditional culture
Censorship: the judiciary system is still overwhelmingly controlled by right-wing judges who dislike the new art styles
Grosz is fired for ‘insulting the German Army’
Law against Trashy and Smutty Literature is passed in 1926
There are cuts to state funding in 1923, forcing art to become more profitable