The Return to power of Deng Xiaoping and Zhou Enlai

Who was Mao Zedong's originally chosen successor who died in a plane crash?

Lin Biao

What was the official explanation for Lin Biao's death?

He was labeled a secret enemy spy.

Why did many Chinese people become skeptical of the government in the early 1970s?

They doubted the official narrative regarding Lin Biao, who was once a lauded hero.

Which leader was recalled from rural exile to help re-establish order after the Cultural Revolution?

Deng Xiaoping

What position did Deng Xiaoping hold after returning from exile in the early 1970s?

Army Chief of Staff and later CCP Secretary.

Why was Zhou Enlai not purged during the Cultural Revolution?

He was considered very useful and was skilled at avoiding association with purged leaders like Liu or Deng.

What were the 'Four Modernisations' proposed by Zhou Enlai?

Advancements in agriculture, industry, defence, and science and technology.

Which American President visited Beijing in 1972, facilitated by Zhou Enlai?

Richard Nixon

Who were the 'Gang of Four'?

A group of radicals from the CCRG who wanted to continue the Cultural Revolution.

What was the primary goal of the Gang of Four's 'anti-Confucius' campaign?

To remove their political rivals, specifically Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping.

How did the public show their support for Zhou Enlai in April 1976?

They laid wreaths at the Monument to the People's Heroes in Tiananmen Square.

What was the result of the Tiananmen Square incident in April 1976?

Violence broke out, riot police were deployed, and Deng Xiaoping was removed from power.

Who did Mao choose as his successor after the death of Zhou Enlai and the removal of Deng?

Hua Guofeng

When did Mao Zedong die?

9 September 1976

How did Hua Guofeng deal with the Gang of Four after Mao's death?

He used the PLA to arrest them.

Who eventually replaced Hua Guofeng as the leader of China?

Deng Xiaoping

What program did Deng Xiaoping implement to transform China into a modern superpower?

The Four Modernisations

What was the main reason Lin Biao's plane crashed in 1971?

It ran out of fuel during his attempt to flee to the USSR.

What was the political orientation of the Gang of Four?

Radical; they supported the continuation of the Cultural Revolution.

What was the public's reaction to the death of Zhou Enlai in January 1976?

A million people lined the streets to pay their respects.

What was the significance of the 'anti-Confucius' campaign?

It was a failed political maneuver by the Gang of Four to discredit moderate leaders.

What was the ultimate fate of the Gang of Four?

They were arrested by Hua Guofeng shortly after Mao's death.