exam 1 lab values

sodium

135 - 145 mmol/L or mEq

low → confusion, seizures, HA, lethargy

high → confusion, irritability, seizures, thirst

potassium

3.5 - 5 mmol/L or mEq

low → muscle weakness, dysrhythmias, flattened T waves

high → muscle weakness, dysrhythmias, peaked T waves, cardiac arrest

calcium

8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL

low → tetany, muscle cramps, positive Chvostek/Trousseau, seizures

high → weakness, kidney stones, constipation, lethargy

magnesium

1.7 - 2.4 mg/dL

low → tremors, hyperreflexia, seizures, torsade’s de pointes

high → hypotension, decreased reflexes, respiratory depression

phosphorus

2.5 - 4.5 mg/dL

low → muscle weakness, respiratory weakness

high → usually causes hypocalcemia sx (tetany, cramps, etc.)

BUN

10 - 20 mg/dL

low → liver disease, malnutrition

high → dehydration, kidney dysfunction

creatinine

0.6 - 1.4 mg/dL

low → low muscle mass

high → kidney failure/injury

platelets

150,000 - 450,000 mm3

low → bleeding, petechias, bruising

high → increased clot risk

hemoglobin

male 14 - 18 g/dL

female 12 - 16 g/dL

low → fatigue, pallor, SOB, tachycardia

high → polycythemia, clot risk

hematocrit

male 40 - 50% female 37 - 47% low → anemia, blood loss high → dehydration, polycythemia

WBC

5,000 - 10,000 u/L (5-10)

low → infection risk

high → infection/inflammation

RBC

male 4.5 - 5.5

female 3.8 - 5.2

low → anemia, fatigue, SOB

high → polycythemia, clot risk