Comparison of Endotoxin and Exotoxins Produced by Bacteria

These flashcards cover the key characteristics and differences between endotoxins and exotoxins produced by bacteria.

Exotoxin

Toxins produced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, generally proteins.

Endotoxin

Toxins produced specifically by Gram-negative bacteria, composed of Lipid A from lipopolysaccharides.

LD50

A measure of the toxicity of a substance, indicating the lethal dose for 50% of the population.

Heat stability of Exotoxins

Most are heat labile, but some are heat stable.

Heat stability of Endotoxins

Generally heat stable.

Systemic effects of Exotoxins

Causes specific damage to cells dependent on receptor-mediated targeting.

Systemic effects of Endotoxins

General systemic symptoms, including inflammation and fever.

Source of Exotoxins

Produced by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Source of Endotoxins

Produced specifically by Gram-negative bacteria.

General comparison of Exotoxins

High LD50, generally associated with specific effects.

General comparison of Endotoxins

Low LD50, generally associated with overall systemic effects.