experience

autonomy (2)

1) large irish communities like liverpool offered strong support networks through irish-run pubs and businesses, and catholic churches

2) the jewish community set up organisations to support jewish migrants in the east-end such as the jewish free school

assimilation (2)

1) irish migrant, robert cain, became one of britain’s richest men after establishing a large brewery in liverpool. in 1848

2) cornelia sorabji became the first woman to take a law exam at oxford in 1892

government positive (6)

1) somerset judgement 1772

2) catholic relief act 1778

3) catholic relief act 1791

4) catholic emancipation act 1829

5) jews relief act 1858

6) universities test act 1871

when was the somerset judgement and what was it?

1772: ruled slavery was illegal in england and gave some protection to black africans

when was catholic relief act 1 and what was it

1778: catholics could own land, join the army and marry protestants

when was catholic relief act 2 and what was it

1791: catholics allowed to practice their religion freely in britain without any fines

when was the catholic emancipation act and what was it

1829: catholics allowed to vote, become mp’s and hold senior government jobs

when was the jews relief act and what was it

1858: jews allowed to become members of parliment

when was the universities test act and what was it

1871: catholics and jews allowed to attend university and become fellows at oxford and cambridge universities

government negative (2)

1) the aliens act (1793)

2) the aliens act (1905)

when was the aliens act 1 and what was it

1793: the first law designed to control the entry of foreigners into britain. foreigners must register their details with the police and anyone they stay with, so the government could monitor them. this was designed to prevent french spies after the revolution

when was the aliens act 2 and what was it

1905: intoduced different categories of migrants who could be refused entry to britain and established the first border controls

people/daily life positive (2)

1) slavery was illegal in britain and some black africans achieved higher status

2) in the late 1780s, children of african rulers from modern day liberia, ivory coast and ghana on the west coast of africa were sent by their wealthy parents, to be educated in britain.

people/daily life negative (3)

1) attitudes towards black africans were often hostile. most lived in poverty, had few job opportunities and were banned from skilled work

2) although ireland had been a part of britain since 1800, irish people were still treated like immigrants- signs saying “no irish allowed”

3) experience of poverty by irish migrants such as living in horrid “court dwellings” with unsanitary conditions and high death rates and often trapped in low paid and low skilled work