Phys magnets

Benjamin Franklin

Demoed lightning was form of electricity; introed concept of pos & neg electrical charged; invented lightning rod

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb

Laid foundation 4 electrostatics w/ Coulomb’s Law which descr the force between 2 electric chrgs

Alessandro Volta

invented electric battery

Hans Christian Orsted

Discovered that electric current creates a magnetic field layin foundation 4 electromagnetism

Andre Marie Ampere

Formulated Ampere’s Law which descr magnetic force between 2 electric currents

Michael Faraday

Discov electromagnetic induction leadin 2 development of the electric motor & electric generator

James Clerk Maxwell

Formed the equations that mathematically unified electricity & magnetism in2 his theory of electromagnetism; predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves & demoed that light’s an electromagnetic wave

3 individuals who have electric charge, electric potential, & electrical resistance names in their honor

Georg Simon ohm, Alessandro Volta, & Charles Augustin de Coulomb

Hans Christian Ostred

discov electric current produces magnetic field when compass needle deflected near a current carryin wire

Michael Faraday

showed changing magnetic field produces elec current

James Clerk Maxwell (3rd most influential physicist’ of all time after Newton & Einstein)

united electricity & magnetism by providing math equations of their relationship; 2nd major unification of forces in Physics after Newton’s unification of the gravity on Earth & space

magnets

objs produce magnetic field

magnetic field

region of space where magnetic forces can b observed; forces can attract or repel

how does magnetism arise

@ atomic level motion of electrons/ their spin; atoms usually cancel each other out when they move randomly

ferromagnetic materials

groups of atoms aligning their magnetic poles in same direction making a net magnetic field bc electrons spin same direction

Ex of ferromagnetic materials

iron, cobalt, & nickel

Ferromagnetic materials have ______

domains

domains

small regions where magnetic poles of atoms r aligned

domains in unmagnetized state

domains oriented randomly so no magnetic field

When ferromagnetic materials r exposed 2 external magnetic field…

domains realign in direction of the field =ing material 2 become magnetized; nif external field’s strong enough or applied long enough alignment of domains can make permanent magnet

magnet; domains aligned

magnetic material; domains not aligned; not magnet but attracted

non magnetic material; no domain; plastic/not magnetic; not attracted 2 magnet

materials that can record earth’s magnetic field

basalt & hematite

remanent magnetization

rocks magnetic domains w/in them align w/ earth’s magnetic field preservin record of field’s direction & intensity @ that time

ex of natural magnets

mineral magnetite (Fe3O4; inherently magnetic bc alignment of magnetic domains w/out external influence; iron can b temp magnetized by external magnetic field but lose magnetism when external removed

True or false: earth;s magnetic field can flip

true

poles

use south end of magnet on nail nail becomes north so when using north end of magnet it repels nail until event attracts after electrons flip/domain align

nails

not domain bc not magnetic is ferromagnetic so magnet can pick it up bc electrons align when South aligns w/ north & nail temp becomes magnet bc poles aligned so nail can pick up other nail