US History 1 Final Exam Reviews

Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War)

A war between Britain and France that left Britain in debt, leading it to tax the colonies.

Founding Principles of the U.S.

Ideas such as liberty, equality, democracy, and natural rights that influenced the creation of the United States.

Tyranny

Unfair or oppressive rule by a government. Colonists believed Britain was acting tyrannically.

Territorial Disputes

Conflicts over land, especially after Britain limited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 purchase of territory from France that doubled the size of the United States.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America.

Treatment of Native Groups

Native Americans were often forced from their lands, relocated, or placed on reservations as settlers moved west.

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state while limiting slavery in certain territories.

Compromise of 1850

A set of laws meant to ease tensions between free and slave states.

Fugitive Slave Act (1850)

Required escaped enslaved people to be returned to their enslavers, even if they reached free states.

Abolitionist Movements

Groups and individuals who worked to end slavery in the United States.

Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

The first major women's rights convention, which called for greater equality and voting rights for women.

Freedmen's Bureau

A government agency that helped formerly enslaved people by providing education, food, and legal assistance.

Black Codes

Laws passed in Southern states that restricted the rights and freedoms of African Americans.

Jim Crow

Laws and practices that enforced racial segregation in the South.

Discriminatory Voting Practices

Methods such as literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses used to prevent African Americans from voting.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United States.

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law.

15th Amendment

Gave African American men the right to vote.

Labor Unions

Organizations of workers formed to improve wages, working conditions, and hours.

Immigration

Large numbers of people came to the U.S. seeking jobs and opportunities, especially during the late 1800s.

Reforms

Efforts to improve society by addressing problems such as corruption, unsafe working conditions, and poverty.

Political Machines

Groups that controlled local politics by exchanging jobs and services for votes.

Andrew Carnegie

Steel industry leader who became one of the richest men in America.

John D. Rockefeller

Founder of Standard Oil and a dominant figure in the oil industry.

Jane Addams

Progressive reformer who founded Hull House to help immigrants and the poor.

19th Amendment

Granted women the right to vote in 1920.

Anti-Imperialist League

Organization that opposed U.S. expansion into overseas territories.

Monroe Doctrine

Policy warning European nations not to interfere in the Americas.

Intervention / Isolationism

Intervention means becoming involved in other nations' affairs; isolationism means avoiding foreign conflicts and alliances.

Nationalism / Exceptionalism

Nationalism is strong pride in one's country; exceptionalism is the belief that the U.S. has a unique role or mission in the world.

Military, Economic, Political, Social Impacts

Imperialism increased U.S. military power, expanded trade, influenced foreign governments, and affected cultures around the world.

Spanish–American War (Outcomes/Impacts)

The U.S. defeated Spain and gained control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, becoming a major world power.

Dollar Diplomacy

Using economic investments and business influence to advance U.S. interests abroad.

Moral Diplomacy

Foreign policy focused on promoting democracy and moral principles.

Big Stick Diplomacy

Policy associated with Theodore Roosevelt that relied on military strength to achieve foreign policy goals.